Meteorology and surface energy fluxes in the 2005-2007 ablation seasons at the Miage debris-covered glacier, Mont Blanc Massif, Italian Alps

TY - JOUR

T1 - Meteorology and surface energy fluxes in the 2005-2007 ablation seasons at the Miage debris-covered glacier, Mont Blanc Massif, Italian Alps

A1 - Brock,Ben W.

A1 - Mihalcea,Claudia

A1 - Kirkbride,Martin P.

A1 - Diolaiuti,Guglielmina

A1 - Cutler,Mark E. J.

A1 - Smiraglia,Claudio

AU - Brock,Ben W.

AU - Mihalcea,Claudia

AU - Kirkbride,Martin P.

AU - Diolaiuti,Guglielmina

AU - Cutler,Mark E. J.

AU - Smiraglia,Claudio

PY - 2010/5

Y1 - 2010/5

N2 - During the 2005-2007 June-September ablation seasons, meteorological conditions were recorded on the lower and upper parts of the debris covered ablation zone of Miage Glacier, Italy. In 2005, debris temperature and subdebris ice melt were also monitored at 25 points with debris thickness of 0.04-0.55 m, spread over 5 km2 of the glacier. The radiative fluxes were directly measured, and near closure of the surface energy balance is achieved, providing support for the bulk aerodynamic calculation of the turbulent fluxes. Surface layer meteorology and energy fluxes are dominated by the pattern of incoming solar radiation which heats the debris, driving strong convection. Mean measured subdebris ice melt rates are 6-33 mm d-1, and mean debris thermal conductivity is 0.96 W m-1 K-1, displaying a weak positive relationship with debris thickness. Mean seasonal values of the net shortwave, net longwave, and debris heat fluxes show little variation between years, despite contrasting meteorological conditions,the turbulent latent (evaporative) heat flux was more than twice as large in the wet summer of 2007 compared with 2005. The increase in energy output from the debris surface in response to increasing surface temperature means that subdebris ice melt rates are fairly insensitive to atmospheric temperature variations in contrast to debris free glaciers. Improved knowledge of spatial patterns of debris thickness distribution and 2 mair temperature, and the controls on evaporation of rainwater from the surface, are needed for distributed physically based melt modeling of debris covered glaciers. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.

AB - During the 2005-2007 June-September ablation seasons, meteorological conditions were recorded on the lower and upper parts of the debris covered ablation zone of Miage Glacier, Italy. In 2005, debris temperature and subdebris ice melt were also monitored at 25 points with debris thickness of 0.04-0.55 m, spread over 5 km2 of the glacier. The radiative fluxes were directly measured, and near closure of the surface energy balance is achieved, providing support for the bulk aerodynamic calculation of the turbulent fluxes. Surface layer meteorology and energy fluxes are dominated by the pattern of incoming solar radiation which heats the debris, driving strong convection. Mean measured subdebris ice melt rates are 6-33 mm d-1, and mean debris thermal conductivity is 0.96 W m-1 K-1, displaying a weak positive relationship with debris thickness. Mean seasonal values of the net shortwave, net longwave, and debris heat fluxes show little variation between years, despite contrasting meteorological conditions,the turbulent latent (evaporative) heat flux was more than twice as large in the wet summer of 2007 compared with 2005. The increase in energy output from the debris surface in response to increasing surface temperature means that subdebris ice melt rates are fairly insensitive to atmospheric temperature variations in contrast to debris free glaciers. Improved knowledge of spatial patterns of debris thickness distribution and 2 mair temperature, and the controls on evaporation of rainwater from the surface, are needed for distributed physically based melt modeling of debris covered glaciers. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.

KW - Cryosphere

KW - Boundary layer processes

KW - Energy balance

KW - Glaciology

KW - Snow and ice

KW - Hydrology

KW - Hydroclimatology

KW - Atmospheric processes

KW - Ablation

KW - Glacier meteorology

KW - Melt model

U2 - 10.1029/2009JD013224

DO - 10.1029/2009JD013224

M1 - Article

JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

SN - 0148-0227

VL - 115

SP - -

ER -