Mucosal biofilm communities in the human intestinal tract. / Macfarlane, Sandra; Bahrami, Bahram; Macfarlane, George T.
Advances in applied microbiology. ed. / Allen I. Laskin; Sima Sariaslani; Geoffrey M. Gadd. Vol. 75 San Diego : Academic Press, 2011. p. 111-143.Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Other chapter contribution
}
TY - CHAP
T1 - Mucosal biofilm communities in the human intestinal tract
A1 - Macfarlane,Sandra
A1 - Bahrami,Bahram
A1 - Macfarlane,George T.
AU - Macfarlane,Sandra
AU - Bahrami,Bahram
AU - Macfarlane,George T.
PB - Academic Press
CY - San Diego
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - <p>Complex and highly variable site-dependent bacterial ecosystems exist throughout the length of the human gastrointestinal tract. Until relatively recently, the majority of our information on intestinal microbiotas has come from studies on feces, or from aspirates taken from the upper gut. However, there is evidence showing that mucosal bacteria growing in biofilms on surfaces lining the gut differ from luminal populations, and that due to their proximity to the epithelial surface, these organisms may be important in modulating the host's immune system and contributing to some chronic inflammatory diseases. Over the past decade, increasing interest in mucosal bacteria, coupled with advances in molecular approaches for assessing microbial diversity, has begun to provide some insight into the complexity of these mucosa-associated communities. In gastrointestinal conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease), it has been shown that a dysbiosis exists in microbial community structure, and that there is a reduction in putatively protective mucosal organisms such as bifidobacteria. Therefore, manipulation of mucosal communities may be beneficial in restoring normal functionality in the gut, thereby improving the immune status and general health of the host. Biofilm structure and function has been studied intensively in the oral cavity, and as a consequence, mucosal communities in the mouth will not be covered in this chapter. This review addresses our current knowledge of mucosal populations in the gastrointestinal tract, changes that can occur in community structure in disease, and therapeutic modulation of biofilm composition by antibiotics, prebiotics, and probiotics.</p>
AB - <p>Complex and highly variable site-dependent bacterial ecosystems exist throughout the length of the human gastrointestinal tract. Until relatively recently, the majority of our information on intestinal microbiotas has come from studies on feces, or from aspirates taken from the upper gut. However, there is evidence showing that mucosal bacteria growing in biofilms on surfaces lining the gut differ from luminal populations, and that due to their proximity to the epithelial surface, these organisms may be important in modulating the host's immune system and contributing to some chronic inflammatory diseases. Over the past decade, increasing interest in mucosal bacteria, coupled with advances in molecular approaches for assessing microbial diversity, has begun to provide some insight into the complexity of these mucosa-associated communities. In gastrointestinal conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease), it has been shown that a dysbiosis exists in microbial community structure, and that there is a reduction in putatively protective mucosal organisms such as bifidobacteria. Therefore, manipulation of mucosal communities may be beneficial in restoring normal functionality in the gut, thereby improving the immune status and general health of the host. Biofilm structure and function has been studied intensively in the oral cavity, and as a consequence, mucosal communities in the mouth will not be covered in this chapter. This review addresses our current knowledge of mucosal populations in the gastrointestinal tract, changes that can occur in community structure in disease, and therapeutic modulation of biofilm composition by antibiotics, prebiotics, and probiotics.</p>
KW - Inflammatory bowel disease
KW - Invasive escherichia coli
KW - Sulfate reducing bacteria
KW - Gradient gel electrophoresis
KW - RDNA sequence analysis
KW - Human gastrointestinal tract
KW - Polymerase chain reaction
KW - Ileal Chron's disease
KW - 16S ribosomal RNA
KW - Human fecal flora
U2 - 10.1016/B978-0-12-387046-9.00005-0
DO - 10.1016/B978-0-12-387046-9.00005-0
M1 - Other chapter contribution
SN - 9780123870469
VL - 75
BT - Advances in applied microbiology
T2 - Advances in applied microbiology
A2 - Gadd,Geoffrey M.
ED - Gadd,Geoffrey M.
SP - 111
EP - 143
ER -