Projects per year
Personal profile
Research
Research activities
My laboratory is firmly focused on establishing the role of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins in important biological processes. We presently have a number of exciting projects linking SUMO modification to ubiquitylation, in stress responses, DNA damage and arsenic therapy and in determining the mechanism of E3 ligase mediated conjugation.
We are engaged in 4 related areas of research
1. SUMO-targeted ubiquitin E3 ligase RNF4 and its role in the response of human cells to DNA damage.
DNA-damage signaling utilizes a variety of posttranslational modifiers as molecular switches to regulate the signaling network. Ubiquitin and, more recently, Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier (SUMO) have been shown to be important mediators of this response, although molecular targets and mechanism of action remain to be determined. We demonstrated (Bruderer et al., 2011) that RNF4, a highly conserved small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-targeted ubiquitin E3 ligase could interact with extensive networks of SUMO modified proteins involved in chromatin remodeling and DNA repair. In subsequent work we demonstrated that RNF4 plays a critical role in the response of mammalian cells to DNA damage. Human cells in which RNF4 expression was ablated by siRNA or chicken DT40 cells with a homozygous deletion of the RNF4 gene displayed increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. Thus, RNF4 is a novel DNA damage-responsive protein that plays a role in homologous recombination and integrates SUMO modification and ubiquitin signaling in the cellular response to genotoxic stress (Yin et al., 2012).
2. Establishing the mechanism of action of arsenic trioxide in the treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia (APL).
Arsenic trioxide therapy for Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia (APL) is mediated by SUMO-dependent degradation of Promyelocytic Leukaemia (PML)-Retinoic Acid Receptor a (RARa) oncogenic fusion protein. We demonstrated (Tatham et al., 2008) that ubiquitin mediated proteolysis of PML requires RNF4 E3 ubiquitin ligase. This allows terminal differentiation of tumour cells and cures disease. Our objective is to establish the molecular basis for the remarkable specificity of arsenic in APL and to determine if it can be employed therapeutically in other situations. We have analyzed the nuclear trafficking dynamics of PML and its SUMO-dependent ubiquitin E3 ligase, RNF4 in response to arsenic. After administration of arsenic, PML immediately transits into nuclear bodies where it undergoes SUMO modification. This initial recruitment of PML into nuclear bodies is not dependent on RNF4, but RNF4 quickly follows PML into the nuclear bodies where it is responsible for ubiquitylation of SUMO-modified PML and its degradation by the proteasome.
While arsenic restricts the mobility of PML, FRAP analysis indicates that RNF4 continues to rapidly shuttle into PML nuclear bodies in a SUMO-dependent manner. Under these conditions FRET studies indicate that RNF4 interacts with SUMO in PML bodies but not directly with PML. These studies (Geoffroy et al., 2010) indicate that arsenic induces the rapid reorganization of the cell nucleus by SUMO modification of nuclear body-associated PML and uptake of the ubiquitin E3 ligase RNF4 leading to the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of PML. The movement of PML into and out of the nuclear bodies is controlled by the SUMO specific protease SENP6 (Hattersley et al., 2011).
3. Determining the mechanism of RING mediated ubiquitin modification.
Ubiquitin modification is achieved by the sequential action of 3 enzymes: an E1 activating enzyme that links ubiquitin to a cysteine residue in an E2 conjugating enzyme and E3 ubiquitin ligases that catalyse the transfer of the ubiquitin from the E2~ubiquitin onto the substrate protein. There are more than 600 human genes that encode ubiquitin E3 ligases and as they influence almost all aspects of biological activity they often play critical roles in the development of disease. By far the most common E3 ligases belong to the RING family but how they stimulate ubiquitin transfer has been a long-standing mystery. This mystery has now been solved by our determination of the crystal structure of the RNF4 RING E3 ligase bound to ubiquitin linked E2. This gives a view of an E3 ligase, E2~ubiquitin complex primed for catalysis and suggests a unified mechanism for ubiquitin transfer that could apply to most other E3 enzymes (Plechanovova et al., 2011, 2012).
4. System wide analysis of SUMO modification in response to stress
The small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) alter the functions of diverse cellular proteins involved in gene transcription, cell cycle, and DNA repair. Although conjugation by ubiquitin and SUMO-2/3 are largely functionally and mechanistically independent from one another, both appear to increase under conditions of proteasome inhibition. To establish the relationship between SUMO and protein degradation by the proteasome, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of SUMO-2 substrates after short- and long-term inhibition of the proteasome with MG132. Comparisons with changes to the SUMO-2 conjugate subproteome in response to heat stress (Golebiowski et al., 2009) revealed qualitative and quantitative parallels between both conditions. However, in contrast to heat stress, the MG132-triggered increase in SUMO-2 conjugation depended strictly on protein synthesis, implying that the accumulation of newly synthesized, misfolded proteins destined for degradation by the proteasome triggered the SUMO conjugation response. Furthermore, proteasomal inhibition resulted in the accumulation of conjugated forms of all SUMO paralogs in insoluble protein inclusions and in the accumulation on SUMO-2 substrates of lysine-63-linked polyubiquitin chains, which are not thought to serve as signals for proteasome-mediated degradation. Together, these findings suggest multiple, proteasome-independent roles for SUMOs in the cellular response to the accumulation of misfolded proteins (Tatham et al., 2011). We are continuing to develop proteomic methods based on our Q-Exactive mass spectrometer that will allow us to identify and quantify SUMO modification sites in vivo (Matic et al., 2011).
Positions and Employment
1982-1985 Member of scientific staff of Medical Research Council Virology Unit, University of Glasgow UK
1985-2005 Lecturer and Professor of Molecular Biology in the School of Biology, University of St Andrews UK
2005- Professor of Molecular Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee UK
2008- Honorary member Scottish Institute for Cell Signaling (SCILLS), University of Dundee UK
Academic Prizes
2008 Presented the Danny Thomas Lecture, St Judes Childrens Research Hospital, Memphis, USA
2012 Novartis Medal and Prize of the Biochemical Society
Elected membership of societies
1996 Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
2005 Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences
2009 Member of the European Molecular Biology Organisation
2010 Fellow of the Royal Society
2012 Fellow of Academia Europaea
Membership of Grant and Advisory Boards
2001 Member, advisory board of the Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee Medical School
2002- Member of the Biomedical and Therapeutic Research Committee of the Scottish Executive
2007 Clinical Fellowships Committee Cancer Research UK
2008- Royal Society Research Grants Scheme, Board E
2008 Member of the advisory board for the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Priority Programme: "The regulatory and functional network of ubiquitin family proteins"
2009 Association for International Cancer Research Grants panel
2012- Wellcome Trust Peer Review College
Expertise related to UN Sustainable Development Goals
In 2015, UN member states agreed to 17 global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all. This person’s work contributes towards the following SDG(s):
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- 1 Similar Profiles
Collaborations and top research areas from the last five years
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New Players In The Targeted Degradation Of The PML-RARA Oncogene By Arsenic
Hay, R. (Investigator)
1/01/24 → 31/12/28
Project: Research
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Establishing the Basis for Selectivity in the SUMO Spray (Investigator Award)
Hay, R. (Investigator)
1/02/20 → 31/01/27
Project: Research
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Dundee Training Programme in Integrated Molecular, Cellular and Translational Biology
Arthur, S. (Investigator), Coulthurst, S. (Investigator), Hay, R. (Investigator) & Muqit, M. (Investigator)
Project: Research
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LTQ Oritrap Velos Mass Spectrometer from Thermo-Fisher (Quantitative Proteomics for the Dundee Cancer Centre)
Clarke, P. (Investigator), Dinkova-Kostova, A. (Investigator), Hay, R. (Investigator), Hayes, J. (Investigator), Hiom, K. (Investigator) & Keyse, S. (Investigator)
Project: Research
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Training Network in Drug Discovery Targeting TRIM Ubiquitin Ligases in Disease (TRIM-NET) (Joint with University of Trieste as lead; CNRS; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Leiden University Medical Centre; French National Institute for Agricultural Research; Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, Italy; CSIC; Netherlands Cancer Institute)
Hay, R. (Investigator)
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
1/01/19 → 30/06/23
Project: Research
Research output
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PML mutants from arsenic-resistant patients reveal SUMO1-TOPORS and SUMO2/3-RNF4 degradation pathways
Jaffray, E., Tatham, M. H., Mojsa, B., Plechanovova, A., Rojas-Fernandez, A., Liu, J. C. Y., Mailand, N., Ibrahim, A. F. M., Ball, G., Porter, I. M. & Hay, R. T. (Lead / Corresponding author), 2 Jun 2025, In: Journal of Cell Biology. 224, 6, p. 1-24 33 p., e202407133.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open AccessFile6 Downloads (Pure) -
Concerted SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase activities of TOPORS and RNF4 are essential for stress management and cell proliferation
Liu, J. C. Y., Ackermann, L., Hoffmann, S., Gál, Z., Hendriks, I. A., Jain, C., Morlot, L., Tatham, M. H., McLelland, G. L., Hay, R. T., Nielsen, M. L., Brummelkamp, T., Haahr, P. (Lead / Corresponding author) & Mailand, N. (Lead / Corresponding author), Sept 2024, In: Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. 31, 9, p. 1355-1367 13 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open AccessFile11 Citations (Scopus)114 Downloads (Pure) -
Mechanism of degrader-targeted protein ubiquitinability
Crowe, C., Nakasone, M., Chandler, S., Craigon, C., Sathe, G., Tatham, M., Makukhin, N., Hay, R. & Ciulli, A. (Lead / Corresponding author), 11 Oct 2024, In: Science Advances. 10, 41, 21 p., eado6492.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open AccessFile9 Citations (Scopus)64 Downloads (Pure) -
Adenovirus E1B-55K controls SUMO-dependent degradation of antiviral cellular restriction factors
Ip, W.-H., Tatham, M. H., Krohne, S., Gruhne, J., Melling, M., Meyer, T., Gornott, B., Bertzbach, L. D., Hay, R. T., Rodriguez, E. & Dobner, T. (Lead / Corresponding author), 30 Nov 2023, In: Journal of Virology. 97, 11, 21 p., e0079123.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open AccessFile4 Citations (Scopus)56 Downloads (Pure) -
Changes in SUMO-modified proteins in Epstein-Barr virus infection identifies reciprocal regulation of TRIM24/28/33 complexes and the lytic switch BZLF1
De La Cruz-Herrera, C. F., Tatham, M. H., Siddiqi, U. Z., Shire, K., Marcon, E., Greenblatt, J. F., Hay, R. T. & Frappier, L. (Lead / Corresponding author), 6 Jul 2023, In: PLoS Pathogens. 19, 7, 34 p., e1011477.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open AccessFile7 Citations (Scopus)115 Downloads (Pure)
Datasets
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Functional 3D architecture in an intrinsically disordered E3 ligase domain facilitates ubiquitin transfer (dataset)
Murphy, P. (Creator), Xu, Y. (Creator), Rouse, S. L. (Creator), Jaffray, E. G. (Creator), Plechanovová, A. (Creator), Matthews, S. J. (Creator), Penedo, C. (Creator) & Hay, R. T. (Creator), University of St Andrews, 2020
DOI: 10.17630/5d766785-60c8-4dbe-99ec-926e2fa33798, https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/datasets/functional-3d-architecture-in-an-intrinsically-disordered-e3-liga
Dataset
Activities
- 1 Participation in conference
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53rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the British Society for Haematology
Hay, R. T. (Participant)
17 Apr 2013Activity: Participating in or organising an event types › Participation in conference