TY - JOUR
T1 - A cross-cultural meta-analysis of transformational leadership- performance outcomes relationship
AU - Agag, Gomaa
AU - Abdelmoety, Ziad Hassan
AU - Aboul-Dahab, Sameh
AU - Daher, Maya
AU - Sharkasi, Nora
AU - Taha, Eman
AU - Yousaf, Anish
AU - Abdelwahab, Mohamed
N1 - © 2025 The Author(s).
PY - 2025/10/18
Y1 - 2025/10/18
N2 - We conducted a “meta-analytic” study of the link among transformational leadership and performance outcomes (citizenship behavior, task performance, and innovation) employing data from over 121,385 consumers, 519 samples and 39 nations. We examined whether this link is moderated by national cultural and research design at three various levels. The results revealed that transformational leadership has a positive effect on citizenship behavior, task performance, and innovation regardless of national cultures. Nonetheless, this influence is greater in societies with high degree of individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and power distance. Furthermore, the results revealed that measurement instruments, time lag, and data sources play a significant role in explaining the results of the previous studies. These results proposes that performance outcomes in various cultures could be improved by investing in transformational leadership, but this strategy is more effective and benefit for firms in societies with high degree of individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and power distance.
AB - We conducted a “meta-analytic” study of the link among transformational leadership and performance outcomes (citizenship behavior, task performance, and innovation) employing data from over 121,385 consumers, 519 samples and 39 nations. We examined whether this link is moderated by national cultural and research design at three various levels. The results revealed that transformational leadership has a positive effect on citizenship behavior, task performance, and innovation regardless of national cultures. Nonetheless, this influence is greater in societies with high degree of individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and power distance. Furthermore, the results revealed that measurement instruments, time lag, and data sources play a significant role in explaining the results of the previous studies. These results proposes that performance outcomes in various cultures could be improved by investing in transformational leadership, but this strategy is more effective and benefit for firms in societies with high degree of individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and power distance.
KW - Transformational leadership
KW - meta-analysis
KW - cross-culture
KW - innovation
KW - task performance
KW - organizational citizenship behavior
U2 - 10.1080/00208825.2025.2566556
DO - 10.1080/00208825.2025.2566556
M3 - Article
SN - 0020-8825
JO - International Studies of Management and Organization
JF - International Studies of Management and Organization
ER -