A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of self‐management interventions in people with a stoma

Aims: Explore the evidence from randomized controlled trials for the effect of self management interventions on quality of life, self-management skills and self-efficacy, and to explore which intervention characteristics are associated with effectiveness.
Design: Systematic review.
Data sources: A search of the literature was conducted in these databases: MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID) and PsychINFO (OVID) from January 2000 to February 2020.
Review methods: Studies were included if participants had a bowel stoma, were over the age of 18 and the design was a randomized controlled trial of a self-management programme. The outcome measures for this review were quality of life, self management skills and self-efficacy. The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy was used to code interventions for underlying components and alongside other intervention characteristics, associations with improvements in outcomes were explored.
Results: The search identified 3141 articles, 16 of which were eligible. A meta-analysis of self-efficacy scores from five studies (N = 536) found an improvement in those that received the self-management intervention at follow-up with a 12-point mean
difference compared with the usual care group. Effects on quality of life and self management skills were mixed, and meta-analyses of these data were not possible. Across 13 studies an average of 10 behaviour change techniques were used with, credible source (e.g. nurse, doctor, therapist) (n = 13), instruction on how to perform the behaviour (n = 13), demonstration of the behaviour (n = 12) used most often. The behaviour change technique of self-monitoring was associated with an improvement in quality of life. The involvement of a nurse was associated with higher self-efficacy and self-management skills.
Conclusion: This review suggests that self-management interventions can increase peoples’ self-efficacy for managing their stoma.
Impact: A standardized approach to the reporting of interventions and the measures used is needed in future studies to better understand the effect on quality of life and self-management skills.