Abstract
Aims: To investigate whether acid suppression medicines (ASMs) increase the risk of bacterial gastroenteritis.
Methods: A population-based, propensity-score matched cohort study using a record-linkage database in Tayside, Scotland. The study consisted of 188,323 exposed to ASMs [proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA)] and 376,646 controls (a propensity-score matched cohort from the rest of population who were not exposed to ASMs) between 1999 and 2013. The main outcome measure was a positive stool test for C. difficile, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella or Escherichia coli O157. The association between ASMs and risk of bacterial gastroenteritis was assessed by a Cox regression model.
Results: There were 22,705 positive test results (15,273 Clostridium difficile (toxin positive), 6,590 Campylobacter, 852 Salmonella, 129 Shigella and 193 Escherichia coli O157, not mutually exclusive) with a total of 5,729,743 person-years follow up time in Tayside, 1999-2013. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for culture positive diarrhoea for the PPIs and H2RA exposed vs unexposed cohort were 2.72 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.33, 3.17] during follow up time for samples submitted from the community and 1.28 (95% CI 1.08, 1.52) for samples submitted from hospitals. Compared with the unexposed cohort, patients in the exposed group had increased risks of C. difficile and Campylobacter [adjusted HRs of 1.70 (95% CI 1.28, 2.25), 3.71 (95% CI 3.04, 4.53) for community samples, and 1.42 (95% CI 1.17, 1.71), 4.53 (95% CI 1.75, 11.8) for hospital samples, respectively].
Conclusions: The results suggest that community prescribed ASMs were associated with increased rates of C. difficile and Campylobacter positive gastroenteritis in both the community and hospital settings.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1298-1308 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology |
Volume | 83 |
Issue number | 6 |
Early online date | 5 Jan 2017 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Jun 2017 |
Keywords
- Acid-suppression medications
- Bacterial gastroenteritis
- Cohort study
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pharmacology
- Pharmacology (medical)
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Mackenzie, Isla
- Cardiovascular Research - Clinical Professor (Teaching and Research) of Cardiovascular Medicine
Person: Academic