Adiposity-Related Heterogeneity in Patterns of Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility Observed in Genome-Wide Association Data

Nicholas J. Timpson, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Michael N. Weedon, Joshua Randall, Willem H. Ouwehand, David P. Strachan, N. William Rayner, Mark Walker, Graham A. Hitman, Alex S. F. Doney, Colin N. A. Palmer, Andrew D. Morris, Andrew T. Hattersley, Eleftheria Zeggini, Timothy M. Frayling, Mark I. McCarthy

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    Abstract

    OBJECTIVE-This study examined how differences in the BMI distribution of type 2 diabetic case subjects affected genome-wide patterns of type 2 diabetes, association mid considered the implications for the etiological heterogeneity of type 2 diabetes.

    RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-We reanalyzed data from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium genome-wide association scan (1,924 case subjects, 2,938 control Subjects: 393,453 single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) after stratifying case subjects (into "obese" and "nonobese") according to median BMI (30.2 kg/m(2)). Replication. of signals in which alternative case-ascertainment strategies generated marked effect size heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes association signal was sought in additional samples.

    RESULTS-In the "obese-type 2 diabetes" scan, FTO variants had the strongest type 2 diabetes effect, (rs8050136: relative risk [RR] 1.49 [95% CI 1.34-1.66], P = 1.3 X 10(-13)), with only weak evidence for TCF7L2 (rs7901695 RR 1.21 [1.09-1.35], P = 0.001). reversed in the "nonobese" scan, with FTO This situation was association undetectable (RR 1.07 [0.97-1.19], P = 0.19) and TCF7L2 predominant (RR 1.53 [1.37-1.71], P = 1.3 X 10(-14)). These patterns, confirmed by replication, generated strong combined evidence for between-stratum effect size heterogeneity (FTO: P-DIFF = 1.4 X 10(-7); TCF7L2: P-DIFF = 4.0 X 10(-6)). Other signals displaying evidence of effect size heterogeneity in the gencome-wide analyses (on chromosomes 3, 12, 15, and 18) did not, replicate. Analysis of the current list of type 2 diabetes susceptibility variants revealed nominal evidence for effect size heterogeneity for the SLC30A8 locus alone (RRobese 1.08 [1.01-1.15]; RRnonobese 1.18 [1.10-1.27]: P-DIFF = 0.04).

    CONCLUSIONs-This study demonstrates the impact of differences in case ascertainment on the power to detect and replicate genetic associations in genome-wide association studies. These data reinforce the notion that there is substantial etiological heterogeneity within type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 58:505-510, 2009

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)505-510
    Number of pages6
    JournalDiabetes
    Volume58
    Issue number2
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - Feb 2009

    Keywords

    • COMMON VARIANTS
    • EUROPEAN POPULATIONS
    • INSULIN-RELEASE
    • RISK LOCI
    • REPLICATION
    • GENES
    • OBESITY
    • CDKAL1
    • HHEX
    • MASS

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