TY - JOUR
T1 - Analysis of the impact of sex and age on the variation in the prevalence of antinuclear autoantibodies in Polish population
T2 - a nationwide observational, cross-sectional study
AU - Krzemień, Paweł
AU - Kasperczyk, Sławomir
AU - Banach, Maciej
AU - Kasperczyk, Aleksandra
AU - Dobrakowski, Michał
AU - Tomasik, Tomasz
AU - Windak, Adam
AU - Mastej, Mirosław
AU - Catapano, Alberico
AU - Ray, Kausik K.
AU - Mikhailidis, Dimitri P.
AU - Toth, Peter P.
AU - Howard, George
AU - Lip, Gregory Y. H.
AU - Tomaszewski, Maciej
AU - Charchar, Fadi J.
AU - Sattar, Naveed
AU - Williams, Bryan
AU - MacDonald, Thomas M.
AU - Penson, Peter E.
AU - Jóźwiak, Jacek J.
N1 - Funding Information:
The present study was an initiative of the Polish Lipid Association (PoLA) and the College of Family Physician in Poland (CFPiP). The present study was funded by an unrestricted educational grant from Valeant (Warsaw, Poland). Valeant had no role in study design, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. The present study was also supported by Silesian Analytical Laboratories (SLA), CHDE, BIO-RAD, Euroimmun. Publication of the paper was funded by the Medical University of Silesia.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/2
Y1 - 2022/2
N2 - The detection of antinuclear autoantibody (ANA) is dependent on many factors and varies between the populations. The aim of the study was first to assess the prevalence of ANA in the Polish adult population depending on age, sex and the cutoff threshold used for the results obtained. Second, we estimated the occurrence of individual types of ANA-staining patterns. We tested 1731 patient samples using commercially available IIFA using two cutoff thresholds of 1:100 and 1:160. We found ANA in 260 participants (15.0%), but the percentage of positive results strongly depended on the cutoff level. For a cutoff threshold 1:100, the positive population was 19.5% and for the 1:160 cutoff threshold, it was 11.7%. The most prevalent ANA-staining pattern was AC-2 Dense Fine speckled (50%), followed by AC-21 Reticular/AMA (14.38%) ANA more common in women (72%); 64% of ANA-positive patients were over 50 years of age. ANA prevalence in the Polish population is at a level observed in other highly developed countries and is more prevalent in women and elderly individuals. To reduce the number of positive results released, we suggest that Polish laboratories should set 1:160 as the cutoff threshold.
AB - The detection of antinuclear autoantibody (ANA) is dependent on many factors and varies between the populations. The aim of the study was first to assess the prevalence of ANA in the Polish adult population depending on age, sex and the cutoff threshold used for the results obtained. Second, we estimated the occurrence of individual types of ANA-staining patterns. We tested 1731 patient samples using commercially available IIFA using two cutoff thresholds of 1:100 and 1:160. We found ANA in 260 participants (15.0%), but the percentage of positive results strongly depended on the cutoff level. For a cutoff threshold 1:100, the positive population was 19.5% and for the 1:160 cutoff threshold, it was 11.7%. The most prevalent ANA-staining pattern was AC-2 Dense Fine speckled (50%), followed by AC-21 Reticular/AMA (14.38%) ANA more common in women (72%); 64% of ANA-positive patients were over 50 years of age. ANA prevalence in the Polish population is at a level observed in other highly developed countries and is more prevalent in women and elderly individuals. To reduce the number of positive results released, we suggest that Polish laboratories should set 1:160 as the cutoff threshold.
KW - Age
KW - Antinuclear antibodies
KW - Cutoff threshold
KW - Indirect immunofluorescence assay
KW - Prevalence
KW - Sex
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85118882673&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00296-021-05033-9
DO - 10.1007/s00296-021-05033-9
M3 - Article
C2 - 34755204
SN - 0172-8172
VL - 42
SP - 261
EP - 271
JO - Rheumatology international
JF - Rheumatology international
ER -