Antagonistic crosstalk between APC and HIF-1 alpha

Most colorectal cancers have mutations in the tumor suppressor APC. The best understood function of APC is its participation in a protein complex that regulates the availability of beta-catenin. Solid tumors are characterized by the presence of hypoxia as well as inflammation, which leads to the upregulation of Hypoxia Inducible Factors like HIF-1 alpha. We recently demonstrated a novel antagonistic link between APC and HIF-1 alpha. We found that hypoxia results in reduced levels of APC mRNA and protein via a direct HIF-1 alpha-dependent mechanism. Similarly, APC mediates the repression of HIF-1 alpha. However, this requires wildtype APC, low levels of beta-catenin and NF kappa B activity. These results reveal the downregulation of APC as a novel mechanism that contributes to the survival advantage induced by hypoxia and cytokines such as TNF alpha. Our data indicate that loss of function mutations in APC result in the engagement of the hypoxia response. Importantly, this suggests that other stimuli that induce HIF such as inflammatory cytokines and oncogenes alter APC function.