“Bad outputs as inputs”, reverse outputs and extended strong disposability

Giannis Karagiannis; Stavros Kourtzidis

doi:10.1007/s10479-025-06735-0

“Bad outputs as inputs”, reverse outputs and extended strong disposability

Giannis Karagiannis
, Stavros Kourtzidis (Lead / Corresponding author)

Accounting and Finance

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

33 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

In this paper we examine the relation between the “bad outputs as inputs” with other approaches of modeling undesirable outputs in non-parametric production analysis and we end up with six equivalencies among them. Based on these, we argue that the “bad outputs as inputs” is a valid modeling option as long as the assumption of extended strong disposability and thus of reverse outputs is reasonable in a particular setting. In this case, the “bad outputs as inputs” approach can easily be implemented by means of a conventional input-oriented DEA model with variable returns to scale where the translated additive inverse transformation is applied to undesirable output quantities.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1925-1939
Number of pages	15
Journal	Annals of Operations Research
Volume	351
Early online date	9 Jul 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-025-06735-0
Publication status	Published - Aug 2025

Keywords

“Bad Outputs as Inputs”
Extended Strong Disposability
Reverse Outputs
Data Envelopment Analysis
Reverse outputs
“Bad outputs as inputs”
Extended strong disposability
Data envelopment analysis

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Decision Sciences
Management Science and Operations Research

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10.1007/s10479-025-06735-0Licence: CC BY

Final Published VersionFinal published version, 1.23 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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KW - “Bad Outputs as Inputs”

KW - Extended Strong Disposability

KW - Reverse Outputs

KW - Data Envelopment Analysis

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KW - “Bad outputs as inputs”

KW - Extended strong disposability

KW - Data envelopment analysis

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ER -

“Bad outputs as inputs”, reverse outputs and extended strong disposability

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Keywords

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