TY - JOUR
T1 - Beyond the exponential horn
T2 - a bush-cricket with ear canals which function as coupled resonators
AU - Celiker, Emine
AU - Woodrow, Charlie
AU - Rocha-Sánchez, Aurora Y.
AU - Chivers, Benedict D.
AU - Barrientos-Lozano, Ludivina
AU - Montealegre-Z, Fernando
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the Orthopterists’ Society for aiding the funding of the micro-CT work of C.W. and the University of Lincoln for C.W.’s PhD studentship.
Funding Information:
E.C., C.W. and F.M.-Z. are funded by the European Research Council grant no. ERCCoG-2017-773067 (to F.M.-Z. for the project ‘The Insect Cochlea’). Acknowledgements
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors.
PY - 2022/10
Y1 - 2022/10
N2 - Bush-crickets have dual-input, tympanal ears located in the tibia of their forelegs. The sound will first of all reach the external sides of the tympana, before arriving at the internal sides through the bush-cricket's ear canal, the acoustic trachea (AT), with a phase lapse and pressure gain. It has been shown that for many bush-crickets, the AT has an exponential horn-shaped morphology and function, producing a significant pressure gain above a certain cut-off frequency. However, the underlying mechanism of different AT designs remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that the AT of the duetting Phaneropterinae bush-cricket Pterodichopetala cieloi function as coupled resonators, producing sound pressure gains at the sex-specific conspecific calling song frequency, and attenuating the remainder - a functioning mechanism significantly different from an exponential horn. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that despite the sexual dimorphism between the P. cieloi AT, both male and female AT have a similar biophysical mechanism. The analysis was carried out using an interdisciplinary approach, where micro-computed tomography was used for the morphological properties of the P. cieloi AT, and a finite-element analysis was applied on the precise tracheal geometry to further justify the experimental results and to go beyond experimental limitations.
AB - Bush-crickets have dual-input, tympanal ears located in the tibia of their forelegs. The sound will first of all reach the external sides of the tympana, before arriving at the internal sides through the bush-cricket's ear canal, the acoustic trachea (AT), with a phase lapse and pressure gain. It has been shown that for many bush-crickets, the AT has an exponential horn-shaped morphology and function, producing a significant pressure gain above a certain cut-off frequency. However, the underlying mechanism of different AT designs remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that the AT of the duetting Phaneropterinae bush-cricket Pterodichopetala cieloi function as coupled resonators, producing sound pressure gains at the sex-specific conspecific calling song frequency, and attenuating the remainder - a functioning mechanism significantly different from an exponential horn. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that despite the sexual dimorphism between the P. cieloi AT, both male and female AT have a similar biophysical mechanism. The analysis was carried out using an interdisciplinary approach, where micro-computed tomography was used for the morphological properties of the P. cieloi AT, and a finite-element analysis was applied on the precise tracheal geometry to further justify the experimental results and to go beyond experimental limitations.
KW - acoustic trachea
KW - bush-cricket ear
KW - finite-element analysis
KW - laser Doppler vibrometry
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85140430510&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1098/rsos.220532
DO - 10.1098/rsos.220532
M3 - Article
C2 - 36312569
AN - SCOPUS:85140430510
SN - 2054-5703
VL - 9
JO - Royal Society Open Science
JF - Royal Society Open Science
IS - 10
M1 - 220532
ER -