Biomass Torrefaction for the Production of High-Grade Solid Biofuels: a Review

Keyphrases

• Solid Biofuel 100%
• Agricultural Residues 100%
• Biomass Torrefaction 100%
• Raw Biomass 100%
• Torrefaction 100%
• Biomass Materials 66%
• Grindability 66%
• Moisture Content 33%
• Physical Properties 33%
• Chemical Composition 33%
• Energy Density 33%
• Reaction Kinetics 33%
• Chemical Properties 33%
• Reaction Mechanism 33%
• Hygroscopicity 33%
• Calorific Value 33%
• Technological Applications 33%
• Oxygen Reduction 33%
• Bulk Density 33%
• Wetting-drying 33%
• Density Value 33%
• Moderate Temperature 33%
• Durability Improvement 33%
• Continuous Production 33%
• Ionic Liquid 33%
• High-bulk 33%
• Inert Atmosphere 33%
• Dry Fluid 33%
• Operating Mechanism 33%
• Liquid-assisted 33%
• Residual Biomass 33%
• Carbon Ratio 33%
• Treatment Technology 33%
• Reactor Design 33%
• Low Calorific Value 33%
• N2 Atmosphere 33%
• Mild Pyrolysis 33%
• Oxygen Atmosphere 33%
• Torrefied 33%
• Torrefaction Process 33%
• Pyrolysis Treatment 33%
• Moisture Change 33%

Engineering

• Biofuels 100%
• Torrefaction 100%
• Raw Biomass 42%
• Grindability 28%
• Calorific Value 14%
• Energy Density 14%
• Oxygen Reduction 14%
• Bulk Density 14%
• Pyrolysis Treatment 14%
• Lower Calorific Value 14%
• Mild Pyrolysis 14%
• Moderate Temperature 14%
• Carbon/Hydrogen Ratio 14%
• Reactor Design 14%

Chemical Engineering

• Pyrolysis 100%