Calibration of the high-pressure cohesive strength meter (CSM)

S. Vardy; J. E. Saunders; T. J. Tolhurst; P. A. Davies; D. M. Paterson

doi:10.1016/j.csr.2006.01.022

Calibration of the high-pressure cohesive strength meter (CSM)

S. Vardy, J. E. Saunders, T. J. Tolhurst, P. A. Davies, D. M. Paterson

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

40 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Coastal erosion is an immense economic and social problem that has been receiving increased attention in recent years. A number of devices have been developed to determine the sediment stability in coastal areas: laboratory and field flumes; a range of different erosion devices; shear vanes and fall cone penetrometers. The cohesive strength meter (CSM) erosion device was developed to determine in situ the temporal and spatial variations in the erosion threshold of muddy intertidal sediments. Technological developments have enabled considerable improvements to be made to the original design over the last 15 years.

This paper describes modifications to the CSM system that extend the range of eroding pressures the device can generate, to enable measurements to be made on very stable and consolidated sediments such as saltmarshes. A recalibration of the modified device found inconsistencies in the calibration for CSM devices presently in use, therefore a completely new calibration method is presented. This calibrates the CSM jet pressure to the pressure on the surface sediment (henceforth termed the "stagnation pressure"). The stagnation pressure when erosion is detected is assumed to be a relative (but not absolute) measure of the erosion threshold. The application of the device using the new calibration under laboratory conditions on muddy sediment is also presented. The following calibration equations were generated for the individual CSM models, where y= stagnation pressure at the sediment surface (Nm-²) and x = jet exit pressure (kPa): Mark IV (high pressure): y=22.652x; Mark IV (prototype): y=8.528x; and Mark III: y=15.844x.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1190-1199
Number of pages	10
Journal	Continental Shelf Research
Volume	27
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.01.022
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2007
Event	3rd Workshop on the Comparison of Laboratory and in situ Measuring Devices, and the Extrapolation of Flume and Erosion Device Data to the Field - Venice International University, Venice, Italy Duration: 1 Aug 2004 → …

Keywords

in-situ
erosion threshold
cohesive strength meter
intertidal sediment stability
intertidal sediments
stability
calibration
CSM
erosion shear-stress

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10.1016/j.csr.2006.01.022

Cite this

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title = "Calibration of the high-pressure cohesive strength meter (CSM)",

abstract = "Coastal erosion is an immense economic and social problem that has been receiving increased attention in recent years. A number of devices have been developed to determine the sediment stability in coastal areas: laboratory and field flumes; a range of different erosion devices; shear vanes and fall cone penetrometers. The cohesive strength meter (CSM) erosion device was developed to determine in situ the temporal and spatial variations in the erosion threshold of muddy intertidal sediments. Technological developments have enabled considerable improvements to be made to the original design over the last 15 years. This paper describes modifications to the CSM system that extend the range of eroding pressures the device can generate, to enable measurements to be made on very stable and consolidated sediments such as saltmarshes. A recalibration of the modified device found inconsistencies in the calibration for CSM devices presently in use, therefore a completely new calibration method is presented. This calibrates the CSM jet pressure to the pressure on the surface sediment (henceforth termed the {"}stagnation pressure{"}). The stagnation pressure when erosion is detected is assumed to be a relative (but not absolute) measure of the erosion threshold. The application of the device using the new calibration under laboratory conditions on muddy sediment is also presented. The following calibration equations were generated for the individual CSM models, where y= stagnation pressure at the sediment surface (Nm-2) and x = jet exit pressure (kPa): Mark IV (high pressure): y=22.652x; Mark IV (prototype): y=8.528x; and Mark III: y=15.844x.",

keywords = "in-situ, erosion threshold, cohesive strength meter, intertidal sediment stability, intertidal sediments, stability, calibration, CSM, erosion shear-stress",

author = "S. Vardy and Saunders, {J. E.} and Tolhurst, {T. J.} and Davies, {P. A.} and Paterson, {D. M.}",

year = "2007",

month = may,

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doi = "10.1016/j.csr.2006.01.022",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Calibration of the high-pressure cohesive strength meter (CSM)

AU - Vardy, S.

AU - Saunders, J. E.

AU - Tolhurst, T. J.

AU - Davies, P. A.

AU - Paterson, D. M.

PY - 2007/5/1

Y1 - 2007/5/1

N2 - Coastal erosion is an immense economic and social problem that has been receiving increased attention in recent years. A number of devices have been developed to determine the sediment stability in coastal areas: laboratory and field flumes; a range of different erosion devices; shear vanes and fall cone penetrometers. The cohesive strength meter (CSM) erosion device was developed to determine in situ the temporal and spatial variations in the erosion threshold of muddy intertidal sediments. Technological developments have enabled considerable improvements to be made to the original design over the last 15 years. This paper describes modifications to the CSM system that extend the range of eroding pressures the device can generate, to enable measurements to be made on very stable and consolidated sediments such as saltmarshes. A recalibration of the modified device found inconsistencies in the calibration for CSM devices presently in use, therefore a completely new calibration method is presented. This calibrates the CSM jet pressure to the pressure on the surface sediment (henceforth termed the "stagnation pressure"). The stagnation pressure when erosion is detected is assumed to be a relative (but not absolute) measure of the erosion threshold. The application of the device using the new calibration under laboratory conditions on muddy sediment is also presented. The following calibration equations were generated for the individual CSM models, where y= stagnation pressure at the sediment surface (Nm-2) and x = jet exit pressure (kPa): Mark IV (high pressure): y=22.652x; Mark IV (prototype): y=8.528x; and Mark III: y=15.844x.

AB - Coastal erosion is an immense economic and social problem that has been receiving increased attention in recent years. A number of devices have been developed to determine the sediment stability in coastal areas: laboratory and field flumes; a range of different erosion devices; shear vanes and fall cone penetrometers. The cohesive strength meter (CSM) erosion device was developed to determine in situ the temporal and spatial variations in the erosion threshold of muddy intertidal sediments. Technological developments have enabled considerable improvements to be made to the original design over the last 15 years. This paper describes modifications to the CSM system that extend the range of eroding pressures the device can generate, to enable measurements to be made on very stable and consolidated sediments such as saltmarshes. A recalibration of the modified device found inconsistencies in the calibration for CSM devices presently in use, therefore a completely new calibration method is presented. This calibrates the CSM jet pressure to the pressure on the surface sediment (henceforth termed the "stagnation pressure"). The stagnation pressure when erosion is detected is assumed to be a relative (but not absolute) measure of the erosion threshold. The application of the device using the new calibration under laboratory conditions on muddy sediment is also presented. The following calibration equations were generated for the individual CSM models, where y= stagnation pressure at the sediment surface (Nm-2) and x = jet exit pressure (kPa): Mark IV (high pressure): y=22.652x; Mark IV (prototype): y=8.528x; and Mark III: y=15.844x.

KW - in-situ

KW - erosion threshold

KW - cohesive strength meter

KW - intertidal sediment stability

KW - intertidal sediments

KW - stability

KW - calibration

KW - CSM

KW - erosion shear-stress

U2 - 10.1016/j.csr.2006.01.022

DO - 10.1016/j.csr.2006.01.022

M3 - Article

SN - 0278-4343

VL - 27

SP - 1190

EP - 1199

JO - Continental Shelf Research

JF - Continental Shelf Research

IS - 8

T2 - 3rd Workshop on the Comparison of Laboratory and in situ Measuring Devices, and the Extrapolation of Flume and Erosion Device Data to the Field

Y2 - 1 August 2004

ER -

Calibration of the high-pressure cohesive strength meter (CSM)

Abstract

Keywords

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