Clinical profile, treatment, and outcomes of febrile neutropenia in hematologic disorders: a look at 30-day mortality predictors

TY - JOUR

T1 - Clinical profile, treatment, and outcomes of febrile neutropenia in hematologic disorders

T2 - a look at 30-day mortality predictors

AU - Azerefegne, Eskedar Ferdu

AU - Azibte, Gebeyehu Tessema

AU - Bekele, Fitsum Seyoum

AU - Kotiso, Kehabtimer Shiferaw

AU - Abera, Berhanu Moges

AU - Molla, Bereket Abraha

AU - Tamene, Yonatan Habtamu

AU - Degu, Wondwossen Amogne

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2025.

PY - 2025/12

Y1 - 2025/12

N2 - Patients with hematologic malignancies are susceptible to neutropenic fever, a potentially life-threatening condition. This study investigated the association between clinical profiles, treatment, and outcomes in these patients. A retrospective analysis of 132 patients with first-time neutropenic fever and hematologic malignancy diagnosed at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, between 2019-01-01 and 2019-12-31 was conducted. Data on demographics, underlying malignancy, presumed infection site, treatment, and 30-day mortality were collected. ale predominance (13:10) was observed. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were the most common malignancies (43.2% and 40.9%, respectively). Chest focus of infection was the most frequent primary source (33%). Cefepime and Vancomycin combination therapy was used in 40.9% of patients. Prior febrile neutropenia and medical ICU admission during treatment significantly increased the odds of 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio 3.8 and 5.4, respectively). This study highlights the crucial role of prior febrile neutropenia and medical ICU admission in predicting mortality within 30 days of neutropenic fever diagnosis in patients with hematologic malignancies.

AB - Patients with hematologic malignancies are susceptible to neutropenic fever, a potentially life-threatening condition. This study investigated the association between clinical profiles, treatment, and outcomes in these patients. A retrospective analysis of 132 patients with first-time neutropenic fever and hematologic malignancy diagnosed at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, between 2019-01-01 and 2019-12-31 was conducted. Data on demographics, underlying malignancy, presumed infection site, treatment, and 30-day mortality were collected. ale predominance (13:10) was observed. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were the most common malignancies (43.2% and 40.9%, respectively). Chest focus of infection was the most frequent primary source (33%). Cefepime and Vancomycin combination therapy was used in 40.9% of patients. Prior febrile neutropenia and medical ICU admission during treatment significantly increased the odds of 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio 3.8 and 5.4, respectively). This study highlights the crucial role of prior febrile neutropenia and medical ICU admission in predicting mortality within 30 days of neutropenic fever diagnosis in patients with hematologic malignancies.

KW - ALL

KW - All-cause mortality

KW - AML

KW - Febrile neutropenia

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105010024022

U2 - 10.1038/s41598-025-06787-z

DO - 10.1038/s41598-025-06787-z

M3 - Article

C2 - 40615453

AN - SCOPUS:105010024022

SN - 2045-2322

VL - 15

JO - Scientific Reports

JF - Scientific Reports

M1 - 23905

ER -