TY - JOUR
T1 - Co-Occurrence of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins with Other Environmental Health Hazards
T2 - Impacts and Implications
AU - Metcalf, James S.
AU - Codd, Geoffrey A.
N1 - No funding
PY - 2020/10/1
Y1 - 2020/10/1
N2 - Toxin-producing cyanobacteria in aquatic, terrestrial, and aerial environments can occur alongside a wide range of additional health hazards including biological agents and synthetic materials. Cases of intoxications involving cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins, with exposure to additional hazards, are discussed. Examples of the co-occurrence of cyanobacteria in such combinations are reviewed, including cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins plus algal toxins, microbial pathogens and fecal indicator bacteria, metals, pesticides, and microplastics. Toxicity assessments of cyanobacteria, cyanotoxins, and these additional agents, where investigated in bioassays and in defined combinations, are discussed and further research needs are identified.
AB - Toxin-producing cyanobacteria in aquatic, terrestrial, and aerial environments can occur alongside a wide range of additional health hazards including biological agents and synthetic materials. Cases of intoxications involving cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins, with exposure to additional hazards, are discussed. Examples of the co-occurrence of cyanobacteria in such combinations are reviewed, including cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins plus algal toxins, microbial pathogens and fecal indicator bacteria, metals, pesticides, and microplastics. Toxicity assessments of cyanobacteria, cyanotoxins, and these additional agents, where investigated in bioassays and in defined combinations, are discussed and further research needs are identified.
KW - Biocide
KW - Co-occurrence
KW - Cyanobacteria
KW - Metals
KW - Plastics
KW - Toxicity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85092393318&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/toxins12100629
DO - 10.3390/toxins12100629
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33019550
VL - 12
JO - Toxins
JF - Toxins
SN - 2072-6651
IS - 10
M1 - 629
ER -