Complications of regional anaesthesia

Complications of regional anaesthesia can be divided into those specific to central neuraxial blockade, those specific to peripheral nerve blockade, and those that pertain to both. Fortunately, severe complications - namely, spinal cord damage, vertebral cord haematoma and epidural abscess - are rare. Here we have given an overview of these complications, with reference to updated incidences available following the 3rd National Audit Project (NAP3) of the Royal College of Anaesthetists. A thorough knowledge of anatomy and pharmacology, and a meticulous, unhurried technique are essential to prevent such complications. When considering the use of a regional anaesthetic technique, the risks and benefits for that patient should be assessed on a case-by-case basis.