Abstract
1 Microbial stimuli such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mucins derived from Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes (tGPI-mucins) are effective stimulators of the synthesis of cytokines by macrophages. Here, we evaluated the ability of cyclic AMP mimetic or elevating agents to modulate TNF-alpha and IL-12 synthesis by murine inflammatory macrophages.
2 Cholera Toxin (ChTx) inhibited tGPI-mucins (2.5 nM) or LPS (100 ng ml(-1)) induced TNF-alpha and IL-12(p40) synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, the cyclic AMP mimetics, 8-bromo cyclic AMP or dibutyryl cyclic AMP, or prostaglandin (PG) E-2 inhibited the synthesis of both cytokines by macrophages exposed to microbial stimuli.
3 The protein kinase A inhibitor H-89 partially reversed the inhibitory effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and PGE(2) on both IL-12(p40) and TNF-alpha synthesis.
4 Pretreatment of macrophages with dibutyryl cyclic AMP or ChTx augmented the synthesis of IL-10 triggered by microbial products. Elevation of cyclic AMP inhibited the synthesis of TNF-alpha, but not IL-12(p40), by inflammatory macrophages from IL-10 knockout mice.
5 Kinetic studies showed that synthesis of both TNF-alpha and IL-10 peaked at 8 h and IL-12 at 24 h after stimulation with microbial stimuli.
6 Together, our findings favour the hypothesis that the cyclic AMP inhibitory activity on IL-12(p40) but not on TNF-alpha synthesis is dependent on de novo protein synthesis, most likely involving IL-10, by macrophages stimulated with microbial products. Accordingly, dibutyryl cyclic AMP inhibited IL-12(p40) synthesis only when added before or at the same time of the stimuli. In contrast, the effect of this cyclic AMP analogue on TNF-alpha synthesis was protracted and observed even 2 h after the addition of the stimuli.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1195-1205 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | British Journal of Pharmacology |
Volume | 127 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Jul 1999 |
Keywords
- Cyclic AMP
- Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mucins
- IL-12
- IL-10
- Lipopolysaccharide
- Macrophage
- Microbial stimuli
- Prostaglandins
- TNF-α
- Trypanosoma cruzi