Dynamics of human facial aging through photoanthropometric analysis and quadratic modeling from child- to adulthood – a multi-centric study

Laíse Nascimento Correia Lima, Bianca Marques Santiago, Ademir Franco, Patrick Thevissen, Flávio De Barros Vidal, Lucas Faria Porto, Inmaculada Aleman Aguilera, Carlos Eduardo Palhares Machado, Eduardo Daruge Jr

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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of facial aging from photographs of individuals in different age groups and establish a pattern of facial growth. The sample consisted of digital photographs standardly taken from 1273 Brazilians aged between 2 and 24 years and equally distributed by sex into 12 specific age groups (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24 years). SAFF-2D® (Forensic Facial Analysis System, Brazilian Federal Police, Brazil) software package was used for positioning 28 landmarks on each photograph. Two-hundred and eight measurements were established between the landmarks. Photoanthropometric Indicators (PAI) of facial morphological alterations were obtained from the relations of facial measurements with a fixed reference (diameter of the iris). Non-transformed linear, quadratic and log-linear models were tested to screen the best approach to describe the facial growth with aging in females and males. The quadratic model reached the best outcomes in females (R2 <73.2%, mean: 52.14% ± 0.15) and males (R2 <80.8%, mean: 60.87% ± 0.15). Most of the PAI (>99.04%) were statistically associated with age in females and males (p<0.05). Vertical facial alterations were the most evident over the time, especially the height of the human face (p<0.05). Data extraction and treatment performed with the photoanthropometric analysis and the quadratic statistical model described the dynamics of facial growth by tackling facial allometry.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)109-126
Number of pages18
JournalRevista Brasileira de Ciências do Envelhecimento Humano
Volume17
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 19 Jun 2020

Keywords

  • Aging
  • Anatomy
  • Anthropology
  • Forensic medicine
  • Forensic dentistry

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