Electricity and the operating theatre: hazards and uses

Electricity is a dangerous tool. When used carefully it can substantially improve safety, outcomes and efficiency within the operating theatre; but if used without due caution it can cause significant harm or death. Understanding the principles and practicalities of electrical supply, equipment design and safety mechanisms helps us identify and mitigate the risks to ourselves, our colleagues and our patients. Specific medical devices that apply current directly to the body for therapeutic effect (e.g. surgical diathermy, defibrillators) can be the most dangerous; if appropriate practices are not followed then the risk of electrical injury is high. In this article we cover the principles and knowledge required to ensure basic electrical safety within the operating theatre.