Endodontic update: 50 years of progress

The science of endodontology and the practice of endodontics have changed immeasurably in the last 50 years. Improved understanding of the aetiology of peri-radicular diseases, in particular the central role of micro-organisms, has driven a more biological approach to treatment. Advances in technology have brought to market sophisticated armamentaria that have facilitated and enhanced clinical delivery. The development of biomaterials and the refinement of clinical techniques have contributed to improved outcomes for both non-surgical and surgical endodontic treatments. The present article summarizes the changes in this field in the past 50 years, and updates the reader on contemporary clinical endodontic practice.