Exploring Techno-Socioeconomic Determinants of Solar Energy Utilization: A Comparative Study between Sri Lanka and the UK

In the recent past, addressing the urgent challenges of meeting global energy demands and combating climate change has become paramount. Solar photovoltaic (solar-PV) energy, globally recognized for its potential to satisfy the future energy requirements in an environmentally friendly and safe manner, has emerged as a pivotal solution. This research focuses on the adaptation, penetration, utilization, advancements, and techno-economic feasibility of solar-PV, with specific emphasis on a comparative assessment between two countries, located in tropics (Sri Lanka) and located in temperate region closer to the arctic circle (UK) in the world. The study begins by evaluating the global, Sri Lankan, and UK renewable energy landscapes, mainly emphasizing on the status of solar-PV technology. Then the research methodology integrates theoretical, practical, technical, and economic assessments of Solar PV in both countries, leveraging resources from the 'Global Solar Atlas' tool. In this study, two appropriate locations, symbolizing Sri Lanka, and the UK, were randomly selected for the deployment of rooftop Solar PV panels. The PVWatts Calculator was employed as the solar modeling tool to perform a comprehensive analysis of the solar-PV panels located in the two countries. Through PVWatts, the study appraised the theoretical PV potential based on average solar radiation, as well as the practical PV potential in terms of AC energy output from both systems. Verification of the accuracy of the PVWatts research methodology was performed by reviewing details and analyzing solar-PV efficiency for small residential projects through the Global Solar Atlas database. Moreover, the study extends to an exploration of the actual scenario of solar PV technology in both countries, encompassing a comparison of installed solar-PV capacities. Opportunities, challenges, and recommendations for Sri Lanka and the UK are then systematically reviewed. This comparative analysis provides insights for effective solar technology planning, ultimately contributing to global energy adoption and sustainability.