Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer accounts for approximately 5% of new cancer cases and 7.7% of all cancer deaths worldwide, equating to one in every 13 deaths globally. It ranks fifth in terms of incidence and fourth in terms of mortality worldwide (1). Males have a twofold higher risk of developing stomach cancer compared to females. There are significant geographical variations in the incidence of gastric cancer. Westernized countries, such as the United Kingdom, have seen a reduction in rates (current incidence of https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” display=“inline”> 9.6/100,000 https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink” xlink:href=“https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003433064/16e98be5-0658-44f3-858b-dfe27436ec10/content/ineqn056.tif”/>). Meanwhile, countries like Japan, Brazil, Portugal, and Lithuania continue to have a high incidence of the disease (https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” display=“inline”> 50 - 100/100,000 https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink” xlink:href=“https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003433064/16e98be5-0658-44f3-858b-dfe27436ec10/content/ineqn057.tif”/>). Gastric cancer in the Easterners, especially Japanese and Korean populations, tends to occur at a younger age, with patients presenting at earlier stages and generally having fewer comorbid medical conditions. Despite these epidemiological, clinical, and pathological differences, there is no evidence of biological or molecular differences between Eastern and Western patients.