Influence of host gene polymorphisms on development of gastroduodenal diseases

Mairi H. McLean, Ruairidh Nicoll, Cheryl Saw, Georgina L. Hold, Emad M. El-Omar (Lead / Corresponding author)

    Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapter

    Abstract

    Helicobacter pylori infection remains the commonest chronic bacterial infection in the world and is associated with a variety of clinical outcomes that range from simple asymptomatic gastritis to more serious conditions such as peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. The key determinants of these outcomes are the severity and distribution of H. pylori-induced gastritis. Host genetic factors play an important role in influencing disease risk, but identifying candidate genes is a major challenge that has to stem from a profound understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. In the case of H. pylori-associated disease, the initial search focused on candidate genes that attenuate gastric physiology and lead to a destructive chronic inflammatory response against the infection. In particular, certain cytokine and innate immune response gene polymorphisms appear to influence risk of gastric cancer and its precursor conditions. More recent genome-wide association studies have identified novel genetic markers that show impressive associations with gastric cancer risk but whose function remains unclear. Very recently, there has been progress in identifying genetic risk markers for acquisition of H. pylori infection, but there remains a lack of suitable markers for risk of peptic ulcer disease. Future research agenda should focus on identifying the full genetic risk profile for H. pylori-induced gastroduodenal disease. This will help target the population most at risk by directing eradication therapy and closer follow-up to the affected individuals.

    Original languageEnglish
    Title of host publicationHelicobacter pylori Research
    Subtitle of host publicationFrom Bench to Bedside
    EditorsSteffen Backert, Yoshio Yamaoka
    Place of PublicationTokyo
    PublisherSpringer Japan
    Pages339-362
    Number of pages24
    ISBN (Electronic)9784431559368
    ISBN (Print)9784431559344
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2016

    Keywords

    • Chronic inflammation
    • Gastric cancer
    • Genetic polymorphisms
    • Helicobacter pylori
    • Host genetics
    • MALT lymphoma
    • Peptic ulcer disease

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • General Medicine
    • General Immunology and Microbiology

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