Inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms in free-living and symbiotic dinoflagellates and chromerids

John A. Raven (Lead / Corresponding author), David J. Suggett, Mario Giordano

    Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

    18 Citations (Scopus)
    280 Downloads (Pure)

    Abstract

    Photosynthetic dinoflagellates are ecologically and biogeochemically important in marine and freshwater environments. However, surprisingly little is known of how this group acquires inorganic carbon or how these diverse processes evolved. Consequently, how CO 2 availability ultimately influences the success of dinoflagellates over space and time remains poorly resolved compared to other microalgal groups. Here we review the evidence. Photosynthetic core dinoflagellates have a Form II RuBisCO (replaced by Form IB or Form ID in derived dinoflagellates). The in vitro kinetics of the Form II RuBisCO from dinoflagellates are largely unknown, but dinoflagellates with Form II (and other) RuBisCOs have inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), as indicated by in vivo internal inorganic C accumulation and affinity for external inorganic C. However, the location of the membrane(s) at which the essential active transport component(s) of the CCM occur(s) is (are) unresolved; isolation and characterization of functionally competent chloroplasts would help in this respect. Endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae (in Foraminifera, Acantharia, Radiolaria, Ciliata, Porifera, Acoela, Cnidaria, and Mollusca) obtain inorganic C by transport from seawater through host tissue. In corals this transport apparently provides an inorganic C concentration around the photobiont that obviates the need for photobiont CCM. This is not the case for tridacnid bivalves, medusae, or, possibly, Foraminifera. Overcoming these long-standing knowledge gaps relies on technical advances (e.g., the in vitro kinetics of Form II RuBisCO) that can functionally track the fate of inorganic C forms.

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)1377-1397
    Number of pages21
    JournalJournal of Phycology: An International Journal of Algal Research
    Volume56
    Issue number6
    Early online date11 Jul 2020
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - Dec 2020

    Keywords

    • Chromerids
    • Corals
    • Dinoflagellates
    • Inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms
    • Mixotrophy
    • Photosythesis
    • Rubisco
    • Symbiodiniaceae
    • Symbiosis
    • Tridacnids
    • corals
    • inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms
    • mixotrophy
    • photosythesis
    • symbiodiniaceae
    • chromerids
    • rubisco
    • symbiosis
    • dinoflagellates
    • tridacnids

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • Aquatic Science
    • Plant Science

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