TY - JOUR
T1 - Is anaphoric reference cooperative?
AU - Kantola, Leila
AU - van Gompel, Roger P. G.
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - Two experiments investigated whether the choice of anaphoric expression is affected by the presence of an addressee. Following a context sentence and visual scene, participants described a target scene that required anaphoric reference. They described the scene either to an addressee (Experiment 1) or without an addressee (Experiment 2). When an addressee was present in the task, participants used more pronouns and fewer repeated noun phrases when the referent was the grammatical subject in the context sentence than when it was the grammatical object and they used more pronouns when there was no competitor than when there was. They used fewer pronouns and more repeated noun phrases when a visual competitor was present in the scene than when there was no visual competitor. In the absence of an addressee, linguistic context effects were the same as those when an addressee was present, but the visual effect of the competitor disappeared. We conclude that visual salience effects are due to adjustments that speakers make when they produce reference for an addressee, whereas linguistic salience effects appear whether or not speakers have addressees.
AB - Two experiments investigated whether the choice of anaphoric expression is affected by the presence of an addressee. Following a context sentence and visual scene, participants described a target scene that required anaphoric reference. They described the scene either to an addressee (Experiment 1) or without an addressee (Experiment 2). When an addressee was present in the task, participants used more pronouns and fewer repeated noun phrases when the referent was the grammatical subject in the context sentence than when it was the grammatical object and they used more pronouns when there was no competitor than when there was. They used fewer pronouns and more repeated noun phrases when a visual competitor was present in the scene than when there was no visual competitor. In the absence of an addressee, linguistic context effects were the same as those when an addressee was present, but the visual effect of the competitor disappeared. We conclude that visual salience effects are due to adjustments that speakers make when they produce reference for an addressee, whereas linguistic salience effects appear whether or not speakers have addressees.
KW - Anaphor
KW - Audience design
KW - Linguistic salience
KW - Visual context
UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84961196395&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&st1=Is+anaphoric+reference+cooperative&st2=&sid=23ECC29E408A0A5CD1F5B6AF25AD3ED5.wsnAw8kcdt7IPYLO0V48gA%3a120&sot=b&sdt=b&sl=49&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28Is+anaphoric+reference+cooperative%29&relpos=0&citeCnt=0&searchTerm=
U2 - 10.1080/17470218.2015.1070184
DO - 10.1080/17470218.2015.1070184
M3 - Article
C2 - 26165163
VL - 69
SP - 1109
EP - 1128
JO - Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
JF - Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
SN - 1747-0218
IS - 6
ER -