@inbook{4b6e75ded32146b7bc8f43f87456262d,
title = "Lancefield Whole Blood Killing Assay to Evaluate Vaccine Efficacy",
abstract = "While the Lancefield whole blood killing assay is named after the renowned streptococcal researcher Rebecca Lancefield, the protocol was first described by Todd in 1927 (Br J Exp Pathol 8:1-5, 1927). Initially, the assay was used to identify novel Group A Streptococcal (GAS) serotypes through the supplementation of non-immune human blood (often from infants) with type-specific antisera prepared in rabbits (Lancefield, J Exp Med 106:525-544, 1957; Maxted, Br J Exp Pathol 37:415-422, 1956) and to demonstrate the impressive longevity of type-specific immunity in patients following invasive GAS infection (Lancefield, J Exp Med 110:271-292, 1959). The modern assay is routinely used to screen defined GAS mutants (Wessels, Bronze, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:12238-12242, 1994; Zinkernagel et al., Cell Host Microbe 4:170-178, 2008) or transposon libraries (Le Breton et al., Infect Immun 81:862-875, 2013) for enhanced susceptibility to opsonophagocytic killing or to screen vaccine antisera (Salehi et al., mSphere 3:e00617-e00618, 2018) or other serological preparations (Reglinski et al., Sci Rep 5:15825, 2015) for anti-streptococcal activity.",
keywords = "Antiserum, Bacterial killing, Lancefield assay, Multiplication factor, Mutant screening, Opsonophagocytosis, Whole blood",
author = "Mark Reglinski",
year = "2020",
doi = "10.1007/978-1-0716-0467-0_25",
language = "English",
isbn = "9781071604663 (hbk)",
series = "Methods in Molecular Biology",
publisher = "Humana Press",
pages = "317--322",
editor = "Thomas Proft and Loh, {Jacelyn M. S.}",
booktitle = "Group A Streptococcus",
address = "United States",
}