TY - JOUR
T1 - Local Sensing of Absolute Refractive Index During Protein-Binding using Microlasers with Spectral Encoding
AU - Caixeiro, Soraya
AU - Kunstmann-Olsen, Casper
AU - Schubert, Marcel
AU - Hill, Joseph
AU - Barnard, Isla R.M.
AU - Simmons, Matthew D.
AU - Johnson, Steven
AU - Gather, Malte C.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Optical Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
PY - 2023/7/4
Y1 - 2023/7/4
N2 - Multiplexed, specific, and sensitive detection of antigens is critical for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of disease and the informed development of personalized treatment plans. Here, it is shown that polymer microsphere lasers can be used as photonic sensors to monitor and quantify direct surface binding of biomolecules via changes in the refractive index. The unique spectral signature of each individual laser can be used to find their size and effective refractive index which adds a new encoding dimension when compared to conventional fluorescent beads. Antibody-functionalized microlasers selectively detect protein binding, as demonstrated for Immunoglobulin G and C-reactive protein, and have the ability to resolve different stages of the multilayer surface modification. Moreover, by continuously monitoring single lasers, the possibility of real-time monitoring of binding dynamics between antigens in solution phase and the immobilized antibodies is demonstrated. For multiplexed detection, the microlasers are employed in a flow cytometer configuration, with fast spectral detection and identification of microlasers with and without antigen binding. It is envisioned that by combining microlasers with well-established surface modification chemistries and flow geometries, the multiplexing ability of microbead immunoassays can be strongly increased while also opening avenues for single-cell profiling within heterogeneous cell populations.
AB - Multiplexed, specific, and sensitive detection of antigens is critical for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of disease and the informed development of personalized treatment plans. Here, it is shown that polymer microsphere lasers can be used as photonic sensors to monitor and quantify direct surface binding of biomolecules via changes in the refractive index. The unique spectral signature of each individual laser can be used to find their size and effective refractive index which adds a new encoding dimension when compared to conventional fluorescent beads. Antibody-functionalized microlasers selectively detect protein binding, as demonstrated for Immunoglobulin G and C-reactive protein, and have the ability to resolve different stages of the multilayer surface modification. Moreover, by continuously monitoring single lasers, the possibility of real-time monitoring of binding dynamics between antigens in solution phase and the immobilized antibodies is demonstrated. For multiplexed detection, the microlasers are employed in a flow cytometer configuration, with fast spectral detection and identification of microlasers with and without antigen binding. It is envisioned that by combining microlasers with well-established surface modification chemistries and flow geometries, the multiplexing ability of microbead immunoassays can be strongly increased while also opening avenues for single-cell profiling within heterogeneous cell populations.
KW - Immunoassays
KW - Microfluidics
KW - Microlasers
KW - Refractive index sensing
KW - Whispering gallery modes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85151977194&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/adom.202300530
DO - 10.1002/adom.202300530
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85151977194
SN - 2195-1071
VL - 11
JO - Advanced Optical Materials
JF - Advanced Optical Materials
IS - 13
M1 - 2300530
ER -