Monkeypox virus-infected individuals mount comparable humoral immune responses as Smallpox-vaccinated individuals

TY - JOUR

T1 - Monkeypox virus-infected individuals mount comparable humoral immune responses as Smallpox-vaccinated individuals

AU - Otter, Ashley D.

AU - Jones, Scott

AU - Hicks, Bethany

AU - Bailey, Daniel

AU - Callaby, Helen

AU - Houlihan, Catherine

AU - Rampling, Tommy

AU - Gordon, Nicola Claire

AU - Selman, Hannah

AU - Satheshkumar, Panayampalli S.

AU - Townsend, Michael

AU - Mehta, Ravi

AU - Pond, Marcus

AU - Jones, Rachael

AU - Wright, Deborah

AU - Oeser, Clarissa

AU - Tonge, Simon

AU - Linley, Ezra

AU - Hemingway, Georgia

AU - Coleman, Tom

AU - Millward, Sebastian

AU - Lloyd, Aaron

AU - Damon, Inger

AU - Brooks, Tim

AU - Vipond, Richard

AU - Rowe, Cathy

AU - Hallis, Bassam

N1 - © Crown 2023

PY - 2023/12

Y1 - 2023/12

N2 - In early 2022, a cluster of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection (mpox) cases were identified within the UK with no prior travel history to MPXV-endemic regions. Subsequently, case numbers exceeding 80,000 were reported worldwide, primarily affecting gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Public health agencies worldwide have offered the IMVANEX Smallpox vaccination to these individuals at high-risk to provide protection and limit the spread of MPXV. We have developed a comprehensive array of ELISAs to study poxvirus-induced antibodies, utilising 24 MPXV and 3 Vaccinia virus (VACV) recombinant antigens. Panels of serum samples from individuals with differing Smallpox-vaccine doses and those with prior MPXV infection were tested on these assays, where we observed that one dose of Smallpox vaccination induces a low number of antibodies to a limited number of MPXV antigens but increasing with further vaccination doses. MPXV infection induced similar antibody responses to diverse poxvirus antigens observed in Smallpox-vaccinated individuals. We identify MPXV A27 as a serological marker of MPXV-infection, whilst MPXV M1 (VACV L1) is likely IMVANEX-specific. Here, we demonstrate analogous humoral antigen recognition between both MPXV-infected or Smallpox-vaccinated individuals, with binding to diverse yet core set of poxvirus antigens, providing opportunities for future vaccine (e.g., mRNA) and therapeutic (e.g., mAbs) design.

AB - In early 2022, a cluster of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection (mpox) cases were identified within the UK with no prior travel history to MPXV-endemic regions. Subsequently, case numbers exceeding 80,000 were reported worldwide, primarily affecting gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Public health agencies worldwide have offered the IMVANEX Smallpox vaccination to these individuals at high-risk to provide protection and limit the spread of MPXV. We have developed a comprehensive array of ELISAs to study poxvirus-induced antibodies, utilising 24 MPXV and 3 Vaccinia virus (VACV) recombinant antigens. Panels of serum samples from individuals with differing Smallpox-vaccine doses and those with prior MPXV infection were tested on these assays, where we observed that one dose of Smallpox vaccination induces a low number of antibodies to a limited number of MPXV antigens but increasing with further vaccination doses. MPXV infection induced similar antibody responses to diverse poxvirus antigens observed in Smallpox-vaccinated individuals. We identify MPXV A27 as a serological marker of MPXV-infection, whilst MPXV M1 (VACV L1) is likely IMVANEX-specific. Here, we demonstrate analogous humoral antigen recognition between both MPXV-infected or Smallpox-vaccinated individuals, with binding to diverse yet core set of poxvirus antigens, providing opportunities for future vaccine (e.g., mRNA) and therapeutic (e.g., mAbs) design.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85172354267

U2 - 10.1038/s41467-023-41587-x

DO - 10.1038/s41467-023-41587-x

M3 - Article

C2 - 37741831

AN - SCOPUS:85172354267

SN - 2041-1723

VL - 14

JO - Nature Communications

JF - Nature Communications

M1 - 5948

ER -