Oxidative stress in renal dysfunction: mechanisms, clinical sequelae and therapeutic options

TY - JOUR

T1 - Oxidative stress in renal dysfunction

T2 - mechanisms, clinical sequelae and therapeutic options

AU - Kao, M. P. C.

AU - Ang, D. S. C.

AU - Pall, A.

AU - Struthers, A. D.

PY - 2010/1

Y1 - 2010/1

N2 - Oxidative stress has been increasingly linked to the high incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially as traditional cardiovascular risk factors seem to not be able to account for the huge cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this population group. Oxidative stress is increased in patients with renal impairment as a result of increased oxidant activity and reduced antioxidant capacity, and this is increased in a graded manner with increasing renal dysfunction. Inflammation, which is also present in CKD, further amplifies the oxidant generation process. The two clinical sequelae of oxidative stress are endothelial dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy, which have adverse cardiovascular consequences. With our new understanding of oxidative stress, it is now important to assess treatment options that reduce it in the hope that they reverse endothelial dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy and the clinical sequelae of these abnormalities. Journal of Human Hypertension (2010) 24, 1-8; doi: 10.1038/jhh.2009.70; published online 3 September 2009

AB - Oxidative stress has been increasingly linked to the high incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially as traditional cardiovascular risk factors seem to not be able to account for the huge cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this population group. Oxidative stress is increased in patients with renal impairment as a result of increased oxidant activity and reduced antioxidant capacity, and this is increased in a graded manner with increasing renal dysfunction. Inflammation, which is also present in CKD, further amplifies the oxidant generation process. The two clinical sequelae of oxidative stress are endothelial dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy, which have adverse cardiovascular consequences. With our new understanding of oxidative stress, it is now important to assess treatment options that reduce it in the hope that they reverse endothelial dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy and the clinical sequelae of these abnormalities. Journal of Human Hypertension (2010) 24, 1-8; doi: 10.1038/jhh.2009.70; published online 3 September 2009

KW - chronic kidney disease

KW - oxidative stress

KW - endothelial dysfunction

KW - left ventricular hypertrophy

KW - NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE

KW - LEFT-VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY

KW - PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL

KW - CHRONIC-HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

KW - LONG-TERM SUPPLEMENTATION

KW - VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION

KW - CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE

KW - APOE-DEFICIENT MICE

KW - CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE

KW - SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE

U2 - 10.1038/jhh.2009.70

DO - 10.1038/jhh.2009.70

M3 - Review article

C2 - 19727125

SN - 0950-9240

VL - 24

SP - 18

JO - Journal of Human Hypertension

JF - Journal of Human Hypertension

IS - 1

ER -