Plastics in the marine environment are reservoirs for antibiotic and metal resistance genes

TY - JOUR

T1 - Plastics in the marine environment are reservoirs for antibiotic and metal resistance genes

AU - Yang, Yuyi

AU - Liu, Guihua

AU - Song, Wenjuan

AU - Ye, Chen

AU - Lin, Hui

AU - Li, Zan

AU - Liu, Wenzhi

PY - 2019/2/1

Y1 - 2019/2/1

N2 - Plastics have been accumulated offshore and in the deep oceans at an unprecedented scale. Microbial communities have colonized the plastisphere, which has become a reservoir for both antibiotic and metal resistance genes (ARGs and MRGs). This is the first analysis of the diversity, abundance, and co-occurrence of ARGs and MRGs, and their relationships within the microbial community, using metagenomic data of plastic particles observed in the North Pacific Gyre obtained from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information Sequence Read Archive database. The abundance of ARGs and MRGs in microbial communities on the plastics were in the ranges 7.07 × 10−4–1.21 × 10−2 and 5.51 × 10−3–4.82 × 10−2 copies per 16S rRNA, respectively. Both the Shannon-Wiener indices and richness of ARGs and MRGs in plastics microbiota were significantly greater than those of ARGs and MRGs in seawater microbiota in the North Pacific Gyre via one-way analysis of variance. Multidrug resistance genes and multi-metal resistance genes were the main classes of genes detected in plastic microbiota. There were no significant differences in the abundance or diversity of ARGs and MRGs between macroplastics biota and microplastics biota, indicating that particle size had no effect on resistance genes. Procrustes analysis suggested that microbial community composition was the determining factor of the ARG profile but not for MRG. Some ARGs and MRGs had a higher incidence of non-random co-occurrence, suggesting that the co-effects of selection for antibiotic or metal resistance are important factors influencing the resistome of the microbiota on the plastic particles.

AB - Plastics have been accumulated offshore and in the deep oceans at an unprecedented scale. Microbial communities have colonized the plastisphere, which has become a reservoir for both antibiotic and metal resistance genes (ARGs and MRGs). This is the first analysis of the diversity, abundance, and co-occurrence of ARGs and MRGs, and their relationships within the microbial community, using metagenomic data of plastic particles observed in the North Pacific Gyre obtained from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information Sequence Read Archive database. The abundance of ARGs and MRGs in microbial communities on the plastics were in the ranges 7.07 × 10−4–1.21 × 10−2 and 5.51 × 10−3–4.82 × 10−2 copies per 16S rRNA, respectively. Both the Shannon-Wiener indices and richness of ARGs and MRGs in plastics microbiota were significantly greater than those of ARGs and MRGs in seawater microbiota in the North Pacific Gyre via one-way analysis of variance. Multidrug resistance genes and multi-metal resistance genes were the main classes of genes detected in plastic microbiota. There were no significant differences in the abundance or diversity of ARGs and MRGs between macroplastics biota and microplastics biota, indicating that particle size had no effect on resistance genes. Procrustes analysis suggested that microbial community composition was the determining factor of the ARG profile but not for MRG. Some ARGs and MRGs had a higher incidence of non-random co-occurrence, suggesting that the co-effects of selection for antibiotic or metal resistance are important factors influencing the resistome of the microbiota on the plastic particles.

KW - Macroplastics

KW - Metagenomic analysis

KW - Microplastics

KW - Pacific Ocean

KW - Resistance genes

KW - Genes, Bacterial

KW - Metagenomics

KW - Water Pollution/analysis

KW - Metals

KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial

KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents

KW - Microbiota

KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics

KW - Seawater/microbiology

KW - Plastics

KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85057214665

U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.061

DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.061

M3 - Article

C2 - 30502597

AN - SCOPUS:85057214665

SN - 0160-4120

VL - 123

SP - 79

EP - 86

JO - Environment International

JF - Environment International

ER -