Presence/absence, differential expression and sequence polymorphisms between PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like in Phytophthora infestans determine virulence on R2 plants

Eleanor M. Gilroy; Susan Breen; Stephen C. Whisson; Julie Squires; Ingo Hein; Maciej Kaczmarek; Dionne Turnbull; Petra C. Boevink; Anoma Lokossou; Liliana M. Cano; Juan Morales; Anna O. Avrova; Leighton Pritchard; Eva Randall; Alison Lees; Francine Govers; Pieter van West; Sophien Kamoun; Vivianne G. A. A. Vleeshouwers; David E. L. Cooke; Paul R. J. Birch

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03736.x

Presence/absence, differential expression and sequence polymorphisms between PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like in Phytophthora infestans determine virulence on R2 plants

Eleanor M. Gilroy, Susan Breen, Stephen C. Whisson, Julie Squires, Ingo Hein, Maciej Kaczmarek, Dionne Turnbull, Petra C. Boevink, Anoma Lokossou, Liliana M. Cano, Juan Morales, Anna O. Avrova, Leighton Pritchard, Eva Randall, Alison Lees, Francine Govers, Pieter van West, Sophien Kamoun, Vivianne G. A. A. Vleeshouwers, David E. L. CookePaul R. J. Birch (Lead / Corresponding author)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

120 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A detailed molecular understanding of how oomycete plant pathogens evade disease resistance is essential to inform the deployment of durable resistance (R) genes.

Map-based cloning, transient expression in planta, pathogen transformation and DNA sequence variation across diverse isolates were used to identify and characterize PiAVR2 from potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans.

PiAVR2 is an RXLR-EER effector that is up-regulated during infection, accumulates at the site of haustoria formation, and is recognized inside host cells by potato protein R2. Expression of PiAVR2 in a virulent P. infestans isolate conveys a gain-of-avirulence phenotype, indicating that this is a dominant gene triggering R2-dependent disease resistance. PiAVR2 presence/absence polymorphisms and differential transcription explain virulence on R2 plants. Isolates infecting R2 plants express PiAVR2-like, which evades recognition by R2. PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like differ in 13 amino acids, eight of which are in the C-terminal effector domain; one or more of these determines recognition by R2. Nevertheless, few polymorphisms were observed within each gene in pathogen isolates, suggesting limited selection pressure for change within PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like.

Our results direct a search for R genes recognizing PiAVR2-like, which, deployed with R2, may exert strong selection pressure against the P. infestans population.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	763-776
Number of pages	14
Journal	New Phytologist
Volume	191
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03736.x
Publication status	Published - 2011

Keywords

durable disease resistance
effector-triggered immunity
gene-for-gene
hypersensitive response
potato blight
RXLR EFFECTORS
PATHOGEN PHYTOPHTHORA
DISEASE RESISTANCE
OOMYCETE EFFECTORS
AVIRULENCE GENES
DOWNY MILDEW
POTATO
LOCUS
AVR3A
PROTEIN

Access to Document

10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03736.x

Cite this

Gilroy, E. M., Breen, S., Whisson, S. C., Squires, J., Hein, I., Kaczmarek, M., Turnbull, D., Boevink, P. C., Lokossou, A., Cano, L. M., Morales, J., Avrova, A. O., Pritchard, L., Randall, E., Lees, A., Govers, F., van West, P., Kamoun, S., Vleeshouwers, V. G. A. A., ... Birch, P. R. J. (2011). Presence/absence, differential expression and sequence polymorphisms between PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like in Phytophthora infestans determine virulence on R2 plants. New Phytologist, 191(3), 763-776. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03736.x

@article{733d1a7c8c004bcda0adf3173b44b03d,

title = "Presence/absence, differential expression and sequence polymorphisms between PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like in Phytophthora infestans determine virulence on R2 plants",

abstract = "A detailed molecular understanding of how oomycete plant pathogens evade disease resistance is essential to inform the deployment of durable resistance (R) genes.Map-based cloning, transient expression in planta, pathogen transformation and DNA sequence variation across diverse isolates were used to identify and characterize PiAVR2 from potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans.PiAVR2 is an RXLR-EER effector that is up-regulated during infection, accumulates at the site of haustoria formation, and is recognized inside host cells by potato protein R2. Expression of PiAVR2 in a virulent P. infestans isolate conveys a gain-of-avirulence phenotype, indicating that this is a dominant gene triggering R2-dependent disease resistance. PiAVR2 presence/absence polymorphisms and differential transcription explain virulence on R2 plants. Isolates infecting R2 plants express PiAVR2-like, which evades recognition by R2. PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like differ in 13 amino acids, eight of which are in the C-terminal effector domain; one or more of these determines recognition by R2. Nevertheless, few polymorphisms were observed within each gene in pathogen isolates, suggesting limited selection pressure for change within PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like.Our results direct a search for R genes recognizing PiAVR2-like, which, deployed with R2, may exert strong selection pressure against the P. infestans population.",

keywords = "durable disease resistance, effector-triggered immunity, gene-for-gene, hypersensitive response, potato blight, RXLR EFFECTORS, PATHOGEN PHYTOPHTHORA, DISEASE RESISTANCE, OOMYCETE EFFECTORS, AVIRULENCE GENES, DOWNY MILDEW, POTATO, LOCUS, AVR3A, PROTEIN",

author = "Gilroy, {Eleanor M.} and Susan Breen and Whisson, {Stephen C.} and Julie Squires and Ingo Hein and Maciej Kaczmarek and Dionne Turnbull and Boevink, {Petra C.} and Anoma Lokossou and Cano, {Liliana M.} and Juan Morales and Avrova, {Anna O.} and Leighton Pritchard and Eva Randall and Alison Lees and Francine Govers and {van West}, Pieter and Sophien Kamoun and Vleeshouwers, {Vivianne G. A. A.} and Cooke, {David E. L.} and Birch, {Paul R. J.}",

year = "2011",

doi = "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03736.x",

language = "English",

volume = "191",

pages = "763--776",

journal = "New Phytologist",

issn = "0028-646X",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",

number = "3",

}

Gilroy, EM, Breen, S, Whisson, SC, Squires, J, Hein, I, Kaczmarek, M, Turnbull, D, Boevink, PC, Lokossou, A, Cano, LM, Morales, J, Avrova, AO, Pritchard, L, Randall, E, Lees, A, Govers, F, van West, P, Kamoun, S, Vleeshouwers, VGAA, Cooke, DEL & Birch, PRJ 2011, 'Presence/absence, differential expression and sequence polymorphisms between PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like in Phytophthora infestans determine virulence on R2 plants', New Phytologist, vol. 191, no. 3, pp. 763-776. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03736.x

TY - JOUR

T1 - Presence/absence, differential expression and sequence polymorphisms between PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like in Phytophthora infestans determine virulence on R2 plants

AU - Gilroy, Eleanor M.

AU - Breen, Susan

AU - Whisson, Stephen C.

AU - Squires, Julie

AU - Hein, Ingo

AU - Kaczmarek, Maciej

AU - Turnbull, Dionne

AU - Boevink, Petra C.

AU - Lokossou, Anoma

AU - Cano, Liliana M.

AU - Morales, Juan

AU - Avrova, Anna O.

AU - Pritchard, Leighton

AU - Randall, Eva

AU - Lees, Alison

AU - Govers, Francine

AU - van West, Pieter

AU - Kamoun, Sophien

AU - Vleeshouwers, Vivianne G. A. A.

AU - Cooke, David E. L.

AU - Birch, Paul R. J.

PY - 2011

Y1 - 2011

N2 - A detailed molecular understanding of how oomycete plant pathogens evade disease resistance is essential to inform the deployment of durable resistance (R) genes.Map-based cloning, transient expression in planta, pathogen transformation and DNA sequence variation across diverse isolates were used to identify and characterize PiAVR2 from potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans.PiAVR2 is an RXLR-EER effector that is up-regulated during infection, accumulates at the site of haustoria formation, and is recognized inside host cells by potato protein R2. Expression of PiAVR2 in a virulent P. infestans isolate conveys a gain-of-avirulence phenotype, indicating that this is a dominant gene triggering R2-dependent disease resistance. PiAVR2 presence/absence polymorphisms and differential transcription explain virulence on R2 plants. Isolates infecting R2 plants express PiAVR2-like, which evades recognition by R2. PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like differ in 13 amino acids, eight of which are in the C-terminal effector domain; one or more of these determines recognition by R2. Nevertheless, few polymorphisms were observed within each gene in pathogen isolates, suggesting limited selection pressure for change within PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like.Our results direct a search for R genes recognizing PiAVR2-like, which, deployed with R2, may exert strong selection pressure against the P. infestans population.

AB - A detailed molecular understanding of how oomycete plant pathogens evade disease resistance is essential to inform the deployment of durable resistance (R) genes.Map-based cloning, transient expression in planta, pathogen transformation and DNA sequence variation across diverse isolates were used to identify and characterize PiAVR2 from potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans.PiAVR2 is an RXLR-EER effector that is up-regulated during infection, accumulates at the site of haustoria formation, and is recognized inside host cells by potato protein R2. Expression of PiAVR2 in a virulent P. infestans isolate conveys a gain-of-avirulence phenotype, indicating that this is a dominant gene triggering R2-dependent disease resistance. PiAVR2 presence/absence polymorphisms and differential transcription explain virulence on R2 plants. Isolates infecting R2 plants express PiAVR2-like, which evades recognition by R2. PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like differ in 13 amino acids, eight of which are in the C-terminal effector domain; one or more of these determines recognition by R2. Nevertheless, few polymorphisms were observed within each gene in pathogen isolates, suggesting limited selection pressure for change within PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like.Our results direct a search for R genes recognizing PiAVR2-like, which, deployed with R2, may exert strong selection pressure against the P. infestans population.

KW - durable disease resistance

KW - effector-triggered immunity

KW - gene-for-gene

KW - hypersensitive response

KW - potato blight

KW - RXLR EFFECTORS

KW - PATHOGEN PHYTOPHTHORA

KW - DISEASE RESISTANCE

KW - OOMYCETE EFFECTORS

KW - AVIRULENCE GENES

KW - DOWNY MILDEW

KW - POTATO

KW - LOCUS

KW - AVR3A

KW - PROTEIN

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79960599124&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03736.x

DO - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03736.x

M3 - Article

C2 - 21539575

SN - 0028-646X

VL - 191

SP - 763

EP - 776

JO - New Phytologist

JF - New Phytologist

IS - 3

ER -

Presence/absence, differential expression and sequence polymorphisms between PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like in Phytophthora infestans determine virulence on R2 plants

Abstract

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Aref#d: 20586. What are the Roles of Oomycete RXLR Effectors in the Establishment of Plant Disease? (joint with Warwick University). Was CO0221

Cite this

Presence/absence, differential expression and sequence polymorphisms between PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like in Phytophthora infestans determine virulence on R2 plants

Abstract

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

Aref#d: 20586. What are the Roles of Oomycete RXLR Effectors in the Establishment of Plant Disease? (joint with Warwick University). Was CO0221

Cite this