TY - JOUR
T1 - Psychometric analysis of the modified COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRSm) in a prospective multicentre study
AU - Smith, Adam
AU - Greenwood, Darren
AU - Horton, Mike
AU - Osborne, Thomas
AU - Goodwin, Madeline
AU - Lawrence, Román Rocha
AU - Winch, Darren
AU - Williams, Paul
AU - Milne, Ruairidh
AU - the LOCOMOTION consortium
AU - Sivan, Manoj
AU - Bakerly, Nawar Diar
AU - Barahona, Mauricio
AU - Casson, Alexander
AU - Clarke, Jonathan
AU - Curcin, Vasa
AU - Davies, Helen
AU - Dawes, Helen
AU - Delaney, Brendan
AU - Echevarria, Carlos
AU - Elkin, Sarah
AU - Evans, Rachael
AU - Falope, Zaccheus
AU - Glampson, Darren Greenwood Ben
AU - Halpin, Stephen
AU - Horton, Mike
AU - Kwon, Joseph
AU - de Lusignan, Simon
AU - Delanerolle, Gayathri
AU - Mayer, Erik
AU - Master, Harsha
AU - Milne, Ruairidh
AU - Morris, Jacqui
AU - Parkin, Amy
AU - Pick, Anton
AU - Preston, Nick
AU - Rebane, Amy
AU - Tucker, Emma
AU - Gonzalez, Ana Belen Espinosa
AU - Baley, Sareeta
AU - Rolls, Annette
AU - Bullock, Emily
AU - Ball, Megan
AU - Bashir, Shehnaz
AU - Mansoubi, Mae
AU - Elwin, Joanne
AU - Prociuk, Denys
AU - Qureshi, Iram
AU - Jones, Samantha
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024.
PY - 2024/5/9
Y1 - 2024/5/9
N2 - Background Long COVID (LC) is a novel multisystem clinical syndrome affecting millions of individuals worldwide. The modified COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRSm) is a condition-specific patient-reported outcome measure designed for assessment and monitoring of people with LC. Objectives To evaluate the psychometric properties of the C19-YRSm in a prospective sample of people with LC. Methods 1314 patients attending 10 UK specialist LC clinics completed C19-YRSm and EuroQol 5D-5L (EQ-5D5L) longitudinally. Scale characteristics were derived for C19-YRSm subscales (Symptom Severity (SS), Functional Disability (FD) and Overall Health (OH)) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). Convergent validity was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)—Fatigue Scale. Known groups validity was assessed for the Other Symptoms subscale as tertiles, as well as by hospitalisation and intensive care admission. Responsiveness and test–retest reliability was evaluated for C19-YRSm subscales and EQ-5D-5L. The minimal important difference (MID) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were estimated. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to determine the instrument’s two-factor structure. Results C19-YRSm demonstrated good scale characteristic properties. Item-total correlations were between 0.37 and 0.65 (for SS and FD), with good internal reliability (Cronbach’s alphas>0.8). Item correlations between subscales ranged between 0.46 and 0.72. Convergent validity with FACIT was good (−0.46 to −0.62). The three subscales discriminated between different levels of symptom burden (p<0.001) and between patients admitted to hospital and intensive care. There was moderate responsiveness for the three subscales ranging from 0.22 (OH) to 0.50 (SS) which was greater than for the EQ-5D-5L. Test–retest reliability was good for both SS 0.86 and FD 0.78. MID was 2 for SS, 2 for FD and 1 for OH; MCID was 4 for both the SS and FD. The factor analysis supported the two-factor SS and FD structure. Conclusions The C19-YRSm is a condition-specific, reliable, valid and responsive patient-reported outcome measure for LC.
AB - Background Long COVID (LC) is a novel multisystem clinical syndrome affecting millions of individuals worldwide. The modified COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRSm) is a condition-specific patient-reported outcome measure designed for assessment and monitoring of people with LC. Objectives To evaluate the psychometric properties of the C19-YRSm in a prospective sample of people with LC. Methods 1314 patients attending 10 UK specialist LC clinics completed C19-YRSm and EuroQol 5D-5L (EQ-5D5L) longitudinally. Scale characteristics were derived for C19-YRSm subscales (Symptom Severity (SS), Functional Disability (FD) and Overall Health (OH)) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). Convergent validity was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)—Fatigue Scale. Known groups validity was assessed for the Other Symptoms subscale as tertiles, as well as by hospitalisation and intensive care admission. Responsiveness and test–retest reliability was evaluated for C19-YRSm subscales and EQ-5D-5L. The minimal important difference (MID) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were estimated. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to determine the instrument’s two-factor structure. Results C19-YRSm demonstrated good scale characteristic properties. Item-total correlations were between 0.37 and 0.65 (for SS and FD), with good internal reliability (Cronbach’s alphas>0.8). Item correlations between subscales ranged between 0.46 and 0.72. Convergent validity with FACIT was good (−0.46 to −0.62). The three subscales discriminated between different levels of symptom burden (p<0.001) and between patients admitted to hospital and intensive care. There was moderate responsiveness for the three subscales ranging from 0.22 (OH) to 0.50 (SS) which was greater than for the EQ-5D-5L. Test–retest reliability was good for both SS 0.86 and FD 0.78. MID was 2 for SS, 2 for FD and 1 for OH; MCID was 4 for both the SS and FD. The factor analysis supported the two-factor SS and FD structure. Conclusions The C19-YRSm is a condition-specific, reliable, valid and responsive patient-reported outcome measure for LC.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85192795532&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-002271
DO - 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-002271
M3 - Article
C2 - 38724221
AN - SCOPUS:85192795532
SN - 2052-4439
VL - 11
SP - 1
EP - 7
JO - BMJ Open Respiratory Research
JF - BMJ Open Respiratory Research
IS - 1
M1 - e002271
ER -