Recessive HYDIN mutations cause primary ciliary dyskinesia without randomization of left-right body asymmetry

Heike Olbrich, Miriam Schmidts, Claudius Werner, Alexandros Onoufriadis, Niki T. Loges, Johanna Raidt, Nora Fanni Banki, Amelia Shoemark, Tom Burgoyne, Saeed Al Turki, Matthew E. Hurles, Gabriele Köhler, Josef Schroeder, Gudrun Nürnberg, Peter Nürnberg, Eddie M.K. Chung, Richard Reinhardt, June K. Marthin, Kim G. Nielsen, Hannah M. Mitchison (Lead / Corresponding author)Heymut Omran (Lead / Corresponding author)

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    234 Citations (Scopus)
    93 Downloads (Pure)

    Abstract

    Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by defective cilia and flagella motility. Chronic destructive-airway disease is caused by abnormal respiratory-tract mucociliary clearance. Abnormal propulsion of sperm flagella contributes to male infertility. Genetic defects in most individuals affected by PCD cause randomization of left-right body asymmetry; approximately half show situs inversus or situs ambiguous. Almost 70 years after the hy3 mouse possessing Hydin mutations was described as a recessive hydrocephalus model, we report HYDIN mutations in PCD-affected persons without hydrocephalus. By homozygosity mapping, we identified a PCD-associated locus, chromosomal region 16q21-q23, which contains HYDIN. However, a nearly identical 360 kb paralogous segment (HYDIN2) in chromosomal region 1q21.1 complicated mutational analysis. In three affected German siblings linked to HYDIN, we identified homozygous c.3985G>T mutations that affect an evolutionary conserved splice acceptor site and that subsequently cause aberrantly spliced transcripts predicting premature protein termination in respiratory cells. Parallel whole-exome sequencing identified a homozygous nonsense HYDIN mutation, c.922A>T (p.Lys307*), in six individuals from three Faroe Island PCD-affected families that all carried an 8.8 Mb shared haplotype across HYDIN, indicating an ancestral founder mutation in this isolated population. We demonstrate by electron microscopy tomography that, consistent with the effects of loss-of-function mutations, HYDIN mutant respiratory cilia lack the C2b projection of the central pair (CP) apparatus; similar findings were reported in Hydin-deficient Chlamydomonas and mice. High-speed videomicroscopy demonstrated markedly reduced beating amplitudes of respiratory cilia and stiff sperm flagella. Like the hy3 mouse model, all nine PCD-affected persons had normal body composition because nodal cilia function is apparently not dependent on the function of the CP apparatus.

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)672-684
    Number of pages13
    JournalAmerican Journal of Human Genetics
    Volume91
    Issue number4
    Early online date27 Sept 2012
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 5 Oct 2012

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • Genetics
    • Genetics(clinical)

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