Abstract
Hors dépistage organisé du cancer colorectal (CCR), la recherche de sang fécal permet de guider la décision du médecin généraliste de référer un patient souffrant de symptômes digestifs ou généraux au gastroentérologue pour coloscopie. En France, les pratiques sont très hétérogènes, non évaluées, et reposent sur plusieurs tests immunochimiques fécaux (TIF) qualitatifs et quantitatifs, aux performances très différentes et inconnues des cliniciens. Au Royaume-Uni, cette pratique repose sur deux TIF quantitatifs et suit des recommandations précises. Les TIF quantitatifs ont été largement évalués et ont démontré leur supériorité, tant pour le dépistage du CCR que pour l’exploration de patients symptomatiques, avec cependant des seuils décisionnels différents. Chez un patient symptomatique, le seuil de 10 µg hémoglobine/gramme de selles (µg/g) des recommandations anglaises n’est pas transposable en France. Nous suggérons un seuil de 2 µg/g, offrant une sensibilité de 94,7 % pour le diagnostic de CCR, à confirmer impérativement par des études complémentaires en population symptomatique française. Les avantages des TIF quantitatifs sont tels qu’ils vont progressivement remplacer les TIF qualitatifs : auto-prélèvement, un seul prélèvement, tout au plus deux, moindre coût, maîtrise de la phase pré-analytique, automatisation, diminution significative des résultats douteux et non interprétables, maîtrise du seuil de positivité, renseignement sur le degré d’urgence de la coloscopie, meilleures performances analytiques et cliniques, et meilleur ratio coût/efficacité. Il est urgent que la Haute Autorité de Santé élabore des recommandations et un cadre d’utilisation chez les patients symptomatiques et actualise la nomenclature des actes de biologie médicale.
Outside organised colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes, faecal occult blood testing helps general practitioners decide whether to refer symptomatic patients for a colonoscopy. In France, practices vary widely, have not been evaluated, and are based on several qualitative and quantitative faecal immunochemical tests (FITs) with very different performance characteristics that clinicians do not appreciate. In the United Kingdom, this practice is generally based on two recommended automated quantitative FITs and usually follows very specific recommendations. Quantitative FITs have been extensively evaluated and have demonstrated their superiority, both in organised CRC screening programmes and in the investigation of symptomatic patients, albeit with different decision thresholds. In a symptomatic patient, the threshold of 10 µg haemoglobin/gram of faeces (µg/g) from the English guidelines is not applicable in France. We suggest a threshold of 2 µg/g, offering a sensitivity of 94.7 % for the diagnosis of CRC, which must be confirmed by further studies in the French symptomatic population. The advantages of quantitative faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) are such that they will gradually replace qualitative FITs: self-collection, a single sample, at most two, lower cost, control of the pre-analytical phase, automation, a significant reduction in equivocal and uninterpretable results, control of the positivity threshold, information on the degree of urgency of colonoscopy, better analytical and clinical performance, and better cost-effectiveness ratio. It is urgent that the French National Authority for Health (HAS) draw up recommendations and a framework for use in symptomatic patients and update the nomenclature of medical biology procedures.
Outside organised colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes, faecal occult blood testing helps general practitioners decide whether to refer symptomatic patients for a colonoscopy. In France, practices vary widely, have not been evaluated, and are based on several qualitative and quantitative faecal immunochemical tests (FITs) with very different performance characteristics that clinicians do not appreciate. In the United Kingdom, this practice is generally based on two recommended automated quantitative FITs and usually follows very specific recommendations. Quantitative FITs have been extensively evaluated and have demonstrated their superiority, both in organised CRC screening programmes and in the investigation of symptomatic patients, albeit with different decision thresholds. In a symptomatic patient, the threshold of 10 µg haemoglobin/gram of faeces (µg/g) from the English guidelines is not applicable in France. We suggest a threshold of 2 µg/g, offering a sensitivity of 94.7 % for the diagnosis of CRC, which must be confirmed by further studies in the French symptomatic population. The advantages of quantitative faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) are such that they will gradually replace qualitative FITs: self-collection, a single sample, at most two, lower cost, control of the pre-analytical phase, automation, a significant reduction in equivocal and uninterpretable results, control of the positivity threshold, information on the degree of urgency of colonoscopy, better analytical and clinical performance, and better cost-effectiveness ratio. It is urgent that the French National Authority for Health (HAS) draw up recommendations and a framework for use in symptomatic patients and update the nomenclature of medical biology procedures.
| Translated title of the contribution | Detection of faecal blood outside organised screening programmes: the vital role of medical biologists |
|---|---|
| Original language | French |
| Pages (from-to) | 113-126 |
| Number of pages | 14 |
| Journal | Annales de Biologie Clinique |
| Volume | 84 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Apr 2026 |
UN SDGs
This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
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SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being
Keywords
- diagnostic
- néoplasie colorectale
- sang occulte
- selles
- test immunochimique fécal
- colorectal neoplasia
- diagnosis
- faecal immunochemical test
- faeces
- occult blood
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Medicine
- General Biochemistry,Genetics and Molecular Biology
- General Immunology and Microbiology
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