TY - JOUR
T1 - Reduction in the population prevalence of hepatitis C virus viraemia among people who inject drugs associated with scale-up of direct-acting anti-viral therapy in community drug services
T2 - REAL WORLD DATA
AU - Palmateer, Norah E.
AU - McAuley, Andrew
AU - Dillon, John F.
AU - McDonald, Scott
AU - Yeung, Alan
AU - Smith, Shanley
AU - Barclay, Stephen
AU - Hayes, Peter
AU - Shepherd, Samantha J.
AU - Gunson, Rory N.
AU - Goldberg, David J.
AU - Hickman, Matthew
AU - Hutchinson, Sharon J.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was funded by Public Health Scotland (PHS) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). NIHR funding was through the Programme Grants for Applied Research programme (Grant Reference number RP‐PG‐0616‐20 008). Research grants from AbbVie, Bristol‐Myers Squibb, Gilead, Janssen, Merck Sharpe and Dohme and Roche supported, in part, the scale‐up of HCV treatment in Tayside. We would like to acknowledge the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, HCV specialist nurses and HCV treatment centres, the NESI Steering Group, the HCV Prevention Leads Group, NESI researchers, staff from the West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, Avril Taylor for her role in the conception of the NESI study and the respondents who volunteered their time to participate in the NESI studies.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction.
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - Background and aims: There has been little empirical evidence to show the ‘real-world’ impact of scaling-up direct-acting anti-viral (DAA) treatment among people who inject drugs (PWID) on hepatitis C virus (HCV) viraemia at a population level. We aimed to assess the population impact of rapid DAA scale-up to PWID delivered through community services—including drug treatment, pharmacies, needle exchanges and prisons—in the Tayside region of Scotland, compared with Greater Glasgow and Clyde (GGC) and the Rest of Scotland (RoS).Design, setting and participants: Natural experiment, evaluated using data from national biennial surveys of PWID and national clinical data. Services providing injecting equipment (2010–18) and HCV treatment clinics (2017–18) across Scotland. A total of 12 492 PWID who completed a questionnaire and provided a blood spot (tested for HCV-antibodies and RNA); 4105 individuals who initiated HCV treatment.Intervention and comparator, measurements: The intervention was rapid DAA scale-up among PWID, which occurred in Tayside. The comparator was GGC/RoS. Trends in HCV viraemia and uptake of HCV therapy over time; sustained viral response (SVR) rates to therapy by region and treatment setting.Findings: Uptake of HCV therapy (last year) among PWID between 2013–14 and 2017–18 increased from 15 to 43% in Tayside, 6 to 16% in GGC and 11 to 23% in RoS. Between 2010 and 2017–18, the prevalence of HCV viraemia (among antibody-positives) declined from 73 to 44% in Tayside, 67 to 58% in GGC and 64 to 55% in RoS. The decline in viraemia was greater in Tayside [2017–18 adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.30–0.75, P = 0.001] than elsewhere in Scotland (2017–18 aOR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.74–1.07, P = 0.220) relative to the baseline of 2013–14 in RoS (including GGC). Per-protocol SVR rates among PWID treated in community sites did not differ from those treated in hospital sites in Tayside (97.4 versus 100.0%, P = 0.099).Conclusions: Scale-up of direct-acting anti-viral treatment among people who inject drugs can be achieved through hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing and treatment in community drug services while maintaining high sustained viral response rates and, in the Tayside region of Scotland, has led to a substantial reduction in chronic HCV in the population.
AB - Background and aims: There has been little empirical evidence to show the ‘real-world’ impact of scaling-up direct-acting anti-viral (DAA) treatment among people who inject drugs (PWID) on hepatitis C virus (HCV) viraemia at a population level. We aimed to assess the population impact of rapid DAA scale-up to PWID delivered through community services—including drug treatment, pharmacies, needle exchanges and prisons—in the Tayside region of Scotland, compared with Greater Glasgow and Clyde (GGC) and the Rest of Scotland (RoS).Design, setting and participants: Natural experiment, evaluated using data from national biennial surveys of PWID and national clinical data. Services providing injecting equipment (2010–18) and HCV treatment clinics (2017–18) across Scotland. A total of 12 492 PWID who completed a questionnaire and provided a blood spot (tested for HCV-antibodies and RNA); 4105 individuals who initiated HCV treatment.Intervention and comparator, measurements: The intervention was rapid DAA scale-up among PWID, which occurred in Tayside. The comparator was GGC/RoS. Trends in HCV viraemia and uptake of HCV therapy over time; sustained viral response (SVR) rates to therapy by region and treatment setting.Findings: Uptake of HCV therapy (last year) among PWID between 2013–14 and 2017–18 increased from 15 to 43% in Tayside, 6 to 16% in GGC and 11 to 23% in RoS. Between 2010 and 2017–18, the prevalence of HCV viraemia (among antibody-positives) declined from 73 to 44% in Tayside, 67 to 58% in GGC and 64 to 55% in RoS. The decline in viraemia was greater in Tayside [2017–18 adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.30–0.75, P = 0.001] than elsewhere in Scotland (2017–18 aOR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.74–1.07, P = 0.220) relative to the baseline of 2013–14 in RoS (including GGC). Per-protocol SVR rates among PWID treated in community sites did not differ from those treated in hospital sites in Tayside (97.4 versus 100.0%, P = 0.099).Conclusions: Scale-up of direct-acting anti-viral treatment among people who inject drugs can be achieved through hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing and treatment in community drug services while maintaining high sustained viral response rates and, in the Tayside region of Scotland, has led to a substantial reduction in chronic HCV in the population.
KW - Hepatitis C, Chronic
KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous
KW - Viremia
KW - direct-acting anti-virals
KW - prevalence
KW - sustained viral response
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85104576758&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/add.15459
DO - 10.1111/add.15459
M3 - Article
C2 - 33651446
SN - 0965-2140
VL - 116
SP - 2893
EP - 2907
JO - Addiction
JF - Addiction
IS - 10
ER -
