Self-reported walking pace and 10-year cause-specific mortality: A UK biobank investigation

TY - JOUR

T1 - Self-reported walking pace and 10-year cause-specific mortality

T2 - A UK biobank investigation

AU - Goldney, Jonathan

AU - Dempsey, Paddy C.

AU - Henson, Joseph

AU - Rowlands, Alex

AU - Bhattacharjee, Atanu

AU - Chudasama, Yogini V.

AU - Razieh, Cameron

AU - Laukkanen, Jari A.

AU - Davies, Melanie J.

AU - Khunti, Kamlesh

AU - Yates, Thomas

AU - Zaccardi, Francesco

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.

PY - 2023/11/1

Y1 - 2023/11/1

N2 - Objective: To investigate associations of self-reported walking pace (SRWP) with relative and absolute risks of cause-specific mortality. Patients and methods: In 391,652 UK Biobank participants recruited in 2006–2010, we estimated sex- and cause-specific (cardiovascular disease [CVD], cancer, other causes) mortality hazard ratios (HRs) and 10-year mortality risks across categories of SRWP (slow, average, brisk), accounting for confounders and competing risk. Censoring occurred in September 30, 2021 (England, Wales) and October 31, 2021 (Scotland). Results: Over a median follow-up of 12.6 years, 22,413 deaths occurred. In women, the HRs comparing brisk to slow SRWP were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.82), 0.40 (0.33, 0.49), and 0.29 (0.26, 0.32) for cancer, CVD, and other causes of death, respectively, and 0.71 (0.64, 0.78), 0.38 (0.33, 0.44), and 0.29 (0.26, 0.32) in men. Compared to CVD, HRs were greater for other causes (women: 39.6% [6.2, 72.9]; men: 31.6% [9.8, 53.5]) and smaller for cancer (−45.8% [−58.3, −33.2] and − 45.9% [−54.8, −36.9], respectively). For all causes in both sexes, the 10-year mortality risk was higher in slow walkers, but varied across sex, age, and cause, resulting in different risk reductions comparing brisk to slow: the largest were for other causes of death at age 75 years [women: −6.8% (−7.7, −5.8); men: −9.5% (−10.6, −8.4)]. Conclusion: Compared to slow walkers, brisk SRWP was associated with reduced cancer (smallest reduction), CVD, and other (largest) causes of death and may therefore be a useful clinical predictive marker. As absolute risk reductions varied across age, cause, and SRWP, certain groups may particularly benefit from interventions to increase SRWP.

AB - Objective: To investigate associations of self-reported walking pace (SRWP) with relative and absolute risks of cause-specific mortality. Patients and methods: In 391,652 UK Biobank participants recruited in 2006–2010, we estimated sex- and cause-specific (cardiovascular disease [CVD], cancer, other causes) mortality hazard ratios (HRs) and 10-year mortality risks across categories of SRWP (slow, average, brisk), accounting for confounders and competing risk. Censoring occurred in September 30, 2021 (England, Wales) and October 31, 2021 (Scotland). Results: Over a median follow-up of 12.6 years, 22,413 deaths occurred. In women, the HRs comparing brisk to slow SRWP were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.82), 0.40 (0.33, 0.49), and 0.29 (0.26, 0.32) for cancer, CVD, and other causes of death, respectively, and 0.71 (0.64, 0.78), 0.38 (0.33, 0.44), and 0.29 (0.26, 0.32) in men. Compared to CVD, HRs were greater for other causes (women: 39.6% [6.2, 72.9]; men: 31.6% [9.8, 53.5]) and smaller for cancer (−45.8% [−58.3, −33.2] and − 45.9% [−54.8, −36.9], respectively). For all causes in both sexes, the 10-year mortality risk was higher in slow walkers, but varied across sex, age, and cause, resulting in different risk reductions comparing brisk to slow: the largest were for other causes of death at age 75 years [women: −6.8% (−7.7, −5.8); men: −9.5% (−10.6, −8.4)]. Conclusion: Compared to slow walkers, brisk SRWP was associated with reduced cancer (smallest reduction), CVD, and other (largest) causes of death and may therefore be a useful clinical predictive marker. As absolute risk reductions varied across age, cause, and SRWP, certain groups may particularly benefit from interventions to increase SRWP.

KW - Absolute risk

KW - Cause of death

KW - Competing risk

KW - Physical fitness

KW - Walking pace

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85173279013

U2 - 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.09.003

DO - 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.09.003

M3 - Article

C2 - 37778454

AN - SCOPUS:85173279013

SN - 0033-0620

VL - 81

SP - 17

EP - 23

JO - Progress in cardiovascular diseases

JF - Progress in cardiovascular diseases

ER -