Stability analysis of time-periodic shear flow generated by an oscillating density interface

TY - JOUR

T1 - Stability analysis of time-periodic shear flow generated by an oscillating density interface

AU - Biswas, Lima

AU - Guha, Anirban

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s), 2025.

PY - 2025/7/25

Y1 - 2025/7/25

N2 - We consider the conceptual two-layered oscillating tank of Inoue & Smyth (2009 J. Phys. Oceanogr. vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 1150-1166), which mimics the time-periodic parallel shear flow generated by low-frequency (e.g. semi-diurnal tides) and small-Angle oscillations of the density interface. Such self-induced shear of an oscillating pycnocline may provide an alternate pathway to pycnocline turbulence and diapycnal mixing in addition to the turbulence and mixing driven by wind-induced shear of the surface mixed layer. We theoretically investigate shear instabilities arising in the inviscid two-layered oscillating tank configuration and show that the equation governing the evolution of linear perturbations on the density interface is a Schrödinger-Type ordinary differential equation with a periodic potential. The necessary and sufficient stability condition is governed by a non-dimensional parameter resembling the inverse Richardson number; for two layers of equal thickness, instability arises when. When this condition is satisfied, the flow is initially stable but finally tunnels into the unstable region after reaching the time marking the turning point. Once unstable, perturbations grow exponentially and reveal characteristics of Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability. The modified Airy function method, which is an improved variant of the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin theory, is implemented to obtain a uniformly valid, composite approximate solution to the interface evolution. Next, we analyse the fully nonlinear stages of interface evolution by modifying the circulation evolution equation in the standard vortex blob method, which reveals that the interface rolls up into KH billows. Finally, we undertake real case studies of Lake Geneva and Chesapeake Bay to provide a physical perspective.

AB - We consider the conceptual two-layered oscillating tank of Inoue & Smyth (2009 J. Phys. Oceanogr. vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 1150-1166), which mimics the time-periodic parallel shear flow generated by low-frequency (e.g. semi-diurnal tides) and small-Angle oscillations of the density interface. Such self-induced shear of an oscillating pycnocline may provide an alternate pathway to pycnocline turbulence and diapycnal mixing in addition to the turbulence and mixing driven by wind-induced shear of the surface mixed layer. We theoretically investigate shear instabilities arising in the inviscid two-layered oscillating tank configuration and show that the equation governing the evolution of linear perturbations on the density interface is a Schrödinger-Type ordinary differential equation with a periodic potential. The necessary and sufficient stability condition is governed by a non-dimensional parameter resembling the inverse Richardson number; for two layers of equal thickness, instability arises when. When this condition is satisfied, the flow is initially stable but finally tunnels into the unstable region after reaching the time marking the turning point. Once unstable, perturbations grow exponentially and reveal characteristics of Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability. The modified Airy function method, which is an improved variant of the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin theory, is implemented to obtain a uniformly valid, composite approximate solution to the interface evolution. Next, we analyse the fully nonlinear stages of interface evolution by modifying the circulation evolution equation in the standard vortex blob method, which reveals that the interface rolls up into KH billows. Finally, we undertake real case studies of Lake Geneva and Chesapeake Bay to provide a physical perspective.

KW - internal waves

KW - shear-flow instability

KW - stratified flows

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105011368921

U2 - 10.1017/jfm.2025.10387

DO - 10.1017/jfm.2025.10387

M3 - Article

SN - 0022-1120

VL - 1015

JO - Journal of Fluid Mechanics

JF - Journal of Fluid Mechanics

M1 - A27

ER -