The association of age at menarche and adult height with mammographic density in the International Consortium of Mammographic Density

Sarah V. Ward; Anya Burton; Rulla M. Tamimi; Ana Pereira; Maria Luisa Garmendia; Marina Pollan; Norman Boyd; Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva; Gertraud Maskarinec; Beatriz Perez-Gomez; Celine Vachon; Hui Miao; Martín Lajous; Ruy López-Ridaura; Kimberly Bertrand; Ava Kwong; Giske Ursin; Eunjung Lee; Huiyan Ma; Sarah Vinnicombe; Sue Moss; Steve Allen; Rose Ndumia; Sudhir Vinayak; Soo-Hwang Teo; Shivaani Mariapun; Beata Peplonska; Agnieszka Bukowska-Damska; Chisato Nagata; John Hopper; Graham Giles; Vahit Ozmen; Mustafa Erkin Aribal; Joachim Schüz; Carla H. Van Gils; Johanna O. P. Wanders; Reza Sirous; Mehri Sirous; John Hipwell; Jisun Kim; Jong Won Lee; Caroline Dickens; Mikael Hartman; Kee-Seng Chia; Christopher Scott; Anna M. Chiarelli; Linda Linton; Anath Arzee Flugelman; Dorria Salem; Rasha Kamal; Valerie McCormack; Jennifer Stone

doi:10.1186/s13058-022-01545-9

The association of age at menarche and adult height with mammographic density in the International Consortium of Mammographic Density

Sarah V. Ward, Anya Burton, Rulla M. Tamimi, Ana Pereira, Maria Luisa Garmendia, Marina Pollan, Norman Boyd, Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva, Gertraud Maskarinec, Beatriz Perez-Gomez, Celine Vachon, Hui Miao, Martín Lajous, Ruy López-Ridaura, Kimberly Bertrand, Ava Kwong, Giske Ursin, Eunjung Lee, Huiyan Ma, Sarah VinnicombeSue Moss, Steve Allen, Rose Ndumia, Sudhir Vinayak, Soo-Hwang Teo, Shivaani Mariapun, Beata Peplonska, Agnieszka Bukowska-Damska, Chisato Nagata, John Hopper, Graham Giles, Vahit Ozmen, Mustafa Erkin Aribal, Joachim Schüz, Carla H. Van Gils, Johanna O. P. Wanders, Reza Sirous, Mehri Sirous, John Hipwell, Jisun Kim, Jong Won Lee, Caroline Dickens, Mikael Hartman, Kee-Seng Chia, Christopher Scott, Anna M. Chiarelli, Linda Linton, Anath Arzee Flugelman, Dorria Salem, Rasha Kamal, Valerie McCormack (Lead / Corresponding author), Jennifer Stone

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Abstract

Background: Early age at menarche and tall stature are associated with increased breast cancer risk. We examined whether these associations were also positively associated with mammographic density, a strong marker of breast cancer risk.

Methods: Participants were 10,681 breast-cancer-free women from 22 countries in the International Consortium of Mammographic Density, each with centrally assessed mammographic density and a common set of epidemiologic data. Study periods for the 27 studies ranged from 1987 to 2014. Multi-level linear regression models estimated changes in square-root per cent density (√PD) and dense area (√DA) associated with age at menarche and adult height in pooled analyses and population-specific meta-analyses. Models were adjusted for age at mammogram, body mass index, menopausal status, hormone therapy use, mammography view and type, mammographic density assessor, parity and height/age at menarche.

Results: In pooled analyses, later age at menarche was associated with higher per cent density (β√PD = 0.023 SE = 0.008, P = 0.003) and larger dense area (β√DA = 0.032 SE = 0.010, P = 0.002). Taller women had larger dense area (β√DA = 0.069 SE = 0.028, P = 0.012) and higher per cent density (β√PD = 0.044, SE = 0.023, P = 0.054), although the observed effect on per cent density depended upon the adjustment used for body size. Similar overall effect estimates were observed in meta-analyses across population groups.

Conclusions: In one of the largest international studies to date, later age at menarche was positively associated with mammographic density. This is in contrast to its association with breast cancer risk, providing little evidence of mediation. Increased height was also positively associated with mammographic density, particularly dense area. These results suggest a complex relationship between growth and development, mammographic density and breast cancer risk. Future studies should evaluate the potential mediation of the breast cancer effects of taller stature through absolute breast density.

Original language	English
Article number	49
Number of pages	16
Journal	Breast Cancer Research
Volume	24
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-022-01545-9
Publication status	Published - 14 Jul 2022

Keywords

Adult
Breast Density
Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Mammography/methods
Menarche
Population Groups
Pregnancy
Risk Factors
Mammographic density
Height
Breast cancer

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Oncology
Cancer Research

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1186/s13058-022-01545-9Licence: CC BY

Final Published VersionFinal published version, 3.47 MBLicence: CC BY

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Ward, S. V., Burton, A., Tamimi, R. M., Pereira, A., Garmendia, M. L., Pollan, M., Boyd, N., Dos-Santos-Silva, I., Maskarinec, G., Perez-Gomez, B., Vachon, C., Miao, H., Lajous, M., López-Ridaura, R., Bertrand, K., Kwong, A., Ursin, G., Lee, E., Ma, H., ... Stone, J. (2022). The association of age at menarche and adult height with mammographic density in the International Consortium of Mammographic Density. Breast Cancer Research, 24, Article 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-022-01545-9

@article{d583fe4ebf3c4186a895b4d784fe0fa8,

title = "The association of age at menarche and adult height with mammographic density in the International Consortium of Mammographic Density",

abstract = "Background: Early age at menarche and tall stature are associated with increased breast cancer risk. We examined whether these associations were also positively associated with mammographic density, a strong marker of breast cancer risk.Methods: Participants were 10,681 breast-cancer-free women from 22 countries in the International Consortium of Mammographic Density, each with centrally assessed mammographic density and a common set of epidemiologic data. Study periods for the 27 studies ranged from 1987 to 2014. Multi-level linear regression models estimated changes in square-root per cent density (√PD) and dense area (√DA) associated with age at menarche and adult height in pooled analyses and population-specific meta-analyses. Models were adjusted for age at mammogram, body mass index, menopausal status, hormone therapy use, mammography view and type, mammographic density assessor, parity and height/age at menarche.Results: In pooled analyses, later age at menarche was associated with higher per cent density (β√PD = 0.023 SE = 0.008, P = 0.003) and larger dense area (β√DA = 0.032 SE = 0.010, P = 0.002). Taller women had larger dense area (β√DA = 0.069 SE = 0.028, P = 0.012) and higher per cent density (β√PD = 0.044, SE = 0.023, P = 0.054), although the observed effect on per cent density depended upon the adjustment used for body size. Similar overall effect estimates were observed in meta-analyses across population groups.Conclusions: In one of the largest international studies to date, later age at menarche was positively associated with mammographic density. This is in contrast to its association with breast cancer risk, providing little evidence of mediation. Increased height was also positively associated with mammographic density, particularly dense area. These results suggest a complex relationship between growth and development, mammographic density and breast cancer risk. Future studies should evaluate the potential mediation of the breast cancer effects of taller stature through absolute breast density.",

keywords = "Adult, Breast Density, Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Mammography/methods, Menarche, Population Groups, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Mammographic density, Height, Breast cancer",

author = "Ward, {Sarah V.} and Anya Burton and Tamimi, {Rulla M.} and Ana Pereira and Garmendia, {Maria Luisa} and Marina Pollan and Norman Boyd and Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva and Gertraud Maskarinec and Beatriz Perez-Gomez and Celine Vachon and Hui Miao and Mart{\'i}n Lajous and Ruy L{\'o}pez-Ridaura and Kimberly Bertrand and Ava Kwong and Giske Ursin and Eunjung Lee and Huiyan Ma and Sarah Vinnicombe and Sue Moss and Steve Allen and Rose Ndumia and Sudhir Vinayak and Soo-Hwang Teo and Shivaani Mariapun and Beata Peplonska and Agnieszka Bukowska-Damska and Chisato Nagata and John Hopper and Graham Giles and Vahit Ozmen and Aribal, {Mustafa Erkin} and Joachim Sch{\"u}z and {Van Gils}, {Carla H.} and Wanders, {Johanna O. P.} and Reza Sirous and Mehri Sirous and John Hipwell and Jisun Kim and Lee, {Jong Won} and Caroline Dickens and Mikael Hartman and Kee-Seng Chia and Christopher Scott and Chiarelli, {Anna M.} and Linda Linton and Flugelman, {Anath Arzee} and Dorria Salem and Rasha Kamal and Valerie McCormack and Jennifer Stone",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the US National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health [R03CA167771]; the International Agency for Research on Cancer; the University of Western Australia [Research Collaboration Award] and the Cancer Council Western Australia [Capacity Building and Collaboration Grant]. Original studies were supported, according to country by: Australia VicHealth; Cancer Council Victoria; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council [209057, 251,553 and 504711]; Australian National Breast Cancer Foundation [to JSt]; Canada the National Cancer Institute of Canada [to NFB]; Chile Fondecyt [11100238 to MLG, 1120326, 1130277, 3130532]; World Cancer Research Fund [2010/245]; Ellison Medical Foundation Grant [to AP]; Iran Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Israel The Israel Cancer Association; Republic of Korea Asan Medical Center [2010-0811]; Malaysia Sime Darby LPGA Tournament; Ministry of Education University Malaya [High Impact Research Grant UM.C/HIR/MOHE/06]; University Malaya [Research Grant UMRG RP046B-15HTM]; Mexico National Council of Science and Technology (Mexico); the American Institute for Cancer Research [10A035]; Netherlands EPIC-NL-Europe against Cancer Programme of the European Commission (SANCO); Dutch Ministry of Health; Dutch Cancer Society; ZonMW the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development; World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF); Poland Polish-Norwegian Research Programme [PNRF-243-AI-1/07]; Singapore National Medical Research Council [Clinician Scientist Award]; National University Cancer Institute Singapore (NCIS) Centre grant programme from National Medical Research Council; South Africa Pink Drive; Spain Spain{\textquoteright}s Health Research Fund (Fondo de Investigacion Santiaria) [PI060386 and PS09/0790]; Spanish Federation of Breast Cancer Patients (FECMA) [EPY1169-10]; Turkey- Roche Mustahzarlari San. A.S., Istanbul, Turkey; UK UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K020439/1 to JHi]; Breast Cancer Campaign [2007MayPR23], Cancer Research UK [G186/11 and C405/A14565]; Da Costa Foundation UK; USA National Cancer Institute [R01CA85265, R37 CA54281, R01 CA97396, P50 CA116201, R01 CA177150 and R01 CA140286]; Cancer Center Support Grant [CA15083; CA131332, CA124865, UM1 CA186107 and UM1 CA176726]; the Susan G. Komen Foundation. {\textcopyright} 2022. The Author(s).",

year = "2022",

month = jul,

day = "14",

doi = "10.1186/s13058-022-01545-9",

language = "English",

volume = "24",

journal = "Breast Cancer Research",

issn = "1465-5411",

publisher = "BioMed Central Ltd.",

}

Ward, SV, Burton, A, Tamimi, RM, Pereira, A, Garmendia, ML, Pollan, M, Boyd, N, Dos-Santos-Silva, I, Maskarinec, G, Perez-Gomez, B, Vachon, C, Miao, H, Lajous, M, López-Ridaura, R, Bertrand, K, Kwong, A, Ursin, G, Lee, E, Ma, H, Vinnicombe, S, Moss, S, Allen, S, Ndumia, R, Vinayak, S, Teo, S-H, Mariapun, S, Peplonska, B, Bukowska-Damska, A, Nagata, C, Hopper, J, Giles, G, Ozmen, V, Aribal, ME, Schüz, J, Van Gils, CH, Wanders, JOP, Sirous, R, Sirous, M, Hipwell, J, Kim, J, Lee, JW, Dickens, C, Hartman, M, Chia, K-S, Scott, C, Chiarelli, AM, Linton, L, Flugelman, AA, Salem, D, Kamal, R, McCormack, V & Stone, J 2022, 'The association of age at menarche and adult height with mammographic density in the International Consortium of Mammographic Density', Breast Cancer Research, vol. 24, 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-022-01545-9

TY - JOUR

T1 - The association of age at menarche and adult height with mammographic density in the International Consortium of Mammographic Density

AU - Ward, Sarah V.

AU - Burton, Anya

AU - Tamimi, Rulla M.

AU - Pereira, Ana

AU - Garmendia, Maria Luisa

AU - Pollan, Marina

AU - Boyd, Norman

AU - Dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel

AU - Maskarinec, Gertraud

AU - Perez-Gomez, Beatriz

AU - Vachon, Celine

AU - Miao, Hui

AU - Lajous, Martín

AU - López-Ridaura, Ruy

AU - Bertrand, Kimberly

AU - Kwong, Ava

AU - Ursin, Giske

AU - Lee, Eunjung

AU - Ma, Huiyan

AU - Vinnicombe, Sarah

AU - Moss, Sue

AU - Allen, Steve

AU - Ndumia, Rose

AU - Vinayak, Sudhir

AU - Teo, Soo-Hwang

AU - Mariapun, Shivaani

AU - Peplonska, Beata

AU - Bukowska-Damska, Agnieszka

AU - Nagata, Chisato

AU - Hopper, John

AU - Giles, Graham

AU - Ozmen, Vahit

AU - Aribal, Mustafa Erkin

AU - Schüz, Joachim

AU - Van Gils, Carla H.

AU - Wanders, Johanna O. P.

AU - Sirous, Reza

AU - Sirous, Mehri

AU - Hipwell, John

AU - Kim, Jisun

AU - Lee, Jong Won

AU - Dickens, Caroline

AU - Hartman, Mikael

AU - Chia, Kee-Seng

AU - Scott, Christopher

AU - Chiarelli, Anna M.

AU - Linton, Linda

AU - Flugelman, Anath Arzee

AU - Salem, Dorria

AU - Kamal, Rasha

AU - McCormack, Valerie

AU - Stone, Jennifer

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the US National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health [R03CA167771]; the International Agency for Research on Cancer; the University of Western Australia [Research Collaboration Award] and the Cancer Council Western Australia [Capacity Building and Collaboration Grant]. Original studies were supported, according to country by: Australia VicHealth; Cancer Council Victoria; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council [209057, 251,553 and 504711]; Australian National Breast Cancer Foundation [to JSt]; Canada the National Cancer Institute of Canada [to NFB]; Chile Fondecyt [11100238 to MLG, 1120326, 1130277, 3130532]; World Cancer Research Fund [2010/245]; Ellison Medical Foundation Grant [to AP]; Iran Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Israel The Israel Cancer Association; Republic of Korea Asan Medical Center [2010-0811]; Malaysia Sime Darby LPGA Tournament; Ministry of Education University Malaya [High Impact Research Grant UM.C/HIR/MOHE/06]; University Malaya [Research Grant UMRG RP046B-15HTM]; Mexico National Council of Science and Technology (Mexico); the American Institute for Cancer Research [10A035]; Netherlands EPIC-NL-Europe against Cancer Programme of the European Commission (SANCO); Dutch Ministry of Health; Dutch Cancer Society; ZonMW the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development; World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF); Poland Polish-Norwegian Research Programme [PNRF-243-AI-1/07]; Singapore National Medical Research Council [Clinician Scientist Award]; National University Cancer Institute Singapore (NCIS) Centre grant programme from National Medical Research Council; South Africa Pink Drive; Spain Spain’s Health Research Fund (Fondo de Investigacion Santiaria) [PI060386 and PS09/0790]; Spanish Federation of Breast Cancer Patients (FECMA) [EPY1169-10]; Turkey- Roche Mustahzarlari San. A.S., Istanbul, Turkey; UK UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K020439/1 to JHi]; Breast Cancer Campaign [2007MayPR23], Cancer Research UK [G186/11 and C405/A14565]; Da Costa Foundation UK; USA National Cancer Institute [R01CA85265, R37 CA54281, R01 CA97396, P50 CA116201, R01 CA177150 and R01 CA140286]; Cancer Center Support Grant [CA15083; CA131332, CA124865, UM1 CA186107 and UM1 CA176726]; the Susan G. Komen Foundation. © 2022. The Author(s).

PY - 2022/7/14

Y1 - 2022/7/14

N2 - Background: Early age at menarche and tall stature are associated with increased breast cancer risk. We examined whether these associations were also positively associated with mammographic density, a strong marker of breast cancer risk.Methods: Participants were 10,681 breast-cancer-free women from 22 countries in the International Consortium of Mammographic Density, each with centrally assessed mammographic density and a common set of epidemiologic data. Study periods for the 27 studies ranged from 1987 to 2014. Multi-level linear regression models estimated changes in square-root per cent density (√PD) and dense area (√DA) associated with age at menarche and adult height in pooled analyses and population-specific meta-analyses. Models were adjusted for age at mammogram, body mass index, menopausal status, hormone therapy use, mammography view and type, mammographic density assessor, parity and height/age at menarche.Results: In pooled analyses, later age at menarche was associated with higher per cent density (β√PD = 0.023 SE = 0.008, P = 0.003) and larger dense area (β√DA = 0.032 SE = 0.010, P = 0.002). Taller women had larger dense area (β√DA = 0.069 SE = 0.028, P = 0.012) and higher per cent density (β√PD = 0.044, SE = 0.023, P = 0.054), although the observed effect on per cent density depended upon the adjustment used for body size. Similar overall effect estimates were observed in meta-analyses across population groups.Conclusions: In one of the largest international studies to date, later age at menarche was positively associated with mammographic density. This is in contrast to its association with breast cancer risk, providing little evidence of mediation. Increased height was also positively associated with mammographic density, particularly dense area. These results suggest a complex relationship between growth and development, mammographic density and breast cancer risk. Future studies should evaluate the potential mediation of the breast cancer effects of taller stature through absolute breast density.

AB - Background: Early age at menarche and tall stature are associated with increased breast cancer risk. We examined whether these associations were also positively associated with mammographic density, a strong marker of breast cancer risk.Methods: Participants were 10,681 breast-cancer-free women from 22 countries in the International Consortium of Mammographic Density, each with centrally assessed mammographic density and a common set of epidemiologic data. Study periods for the 27 studies ranged from 1987 to 2014. Multi-level linear regression models estimated changes in square-root per cent density (√PD) and dense area (√DA) associated with age at menarche and adult height in pooled analyses and population-specific meta-analyses. Models were adjusted for age at mammogram, body mass index, menopausal status, hormone therapy use, mammography view and type, mammographic density assessor, parity and height/age at menarche.Results: In pooled analyses, later age at menarche was associated with higher per cent density (β√PD = 0.023 SE = 0.008, P = 0.003) and larger dense area (β√DA = 0.032 SE = 0.010, P = 0.002). Taller women had larger dense area (β√DA = 0.069 SE = 0.028, P = 0.012) and higher per cent density (β√PD = 0.044, SE = 0.023, P = 0.054), although the observed effect on per cent density depended upon the adjustment used for body size. Similar overall effect estimates were observed in meta-analyses across population groups.Conclusions: In one of the largest international studies to date, later age at menarche was positively associated with mammographic density. This is in contrast to its association with breast cancer risk, providing little evidence of mediation. Increased height was also positively associated with mammographic density, particularly dense area. These results suggest a complex relationship between growth and development, mammographic density and breast cancer risk. Future studies should evaluate the potential mediation of the breast cancer effects of taller stature through absolute breast density.

KW - Adult

KW - Breast Density

KW - Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging

KW - Cross-Sectional Studies

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Mammography/methods

KW - Menarche

KW - Population Groups

KW - Pregnancy

KW - Risk Factors

KW - Mammographic density

KW - Height

KW - Breast cancer

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85134121571&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1186/s13058-022-01545-9

DO - 10.1186/s13058-022-01545-9

M3 - Article

C2 - 35836268

SN - 1465-5411

VL - 24

JO - Breast Cancer Research

JF - Breast Cancer Research

M1 - 49

ER -

The association of age at menarche and adult height with mammographic density in the International Consortium of Mammographic Density

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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