The dynamics of adaptive evolution in microalgae in a high-CO2 ocean

Fenghuang Wu; Yunyue Zhou; John Beardall; John A. Raven; Baoyi Peng; Leyao Xu; Hao Zhang; Jingyao Li; Jianrong Xia; Peng Jin

doi:10.1111/nph.20323

The dynamics of adaptive evolution in microalgae in a high-CO₂ ocean

Fenghuang Wu
, Yunyue Zhou
, John Beardall
, John A. Raven
, Baoyi Peng
, Leyao Xu
, Hao Zhang
, Jingyao Li
, Jianrong Xia
, Peng Jin

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

5 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Marine microalgae demonstrate a notable capacity to adapt to high CO₂ and warming in the context of global change. However, the dynamics of their evolutionary processes under simultaneous high CO₂ and warming conditions remain poorly understood. Here, we analyze the dynamics of evolution in experimental populations of a model marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We conducted whole-genome resequencing of populations under ambient, high-CO₂, warming and high CO₂ + warming at 2-yr intervals over a 4-yr adaptation period. The common genes selected between 2- and 4-yr adaptation were found to be involved in protein ubiquitination and degradation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and were consistently selected regardless of the experimental conditions or adaptation duration. The unique genes selected only by 4-yr adaptation function in respiration, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism, facilitating adaptation to prolonged high CO₂ with warming conditions. Corresponding changes at the metabolomic level, with significant alterations in metabolites abundances involved in these pathways, support the genomic findings. Our study, integrating genomic and metabolomic data, demonstrates that long-term adaptation of microalgae to high CO₂ and/or warming can be characterized by a complex and dynamic genetic process and may advance our understanding of microalgae adaptation to global change.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1608-1624
Number of pages	17
Journal	New Phytologist
Volume	245
Issue number	4
Early online date	29 Nov 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20323
Publication status	Published - Feb 2025

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 14 Life Below Water

Keywords

dynamic evolution
global change
high CO
microalgae
warming

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Physiology
Plant Science

Access to Document

10.1111/nph.20323

Cite this

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title = "The dynamics of adaptive evolution in microalgae in a high-CO2 ocean",

abstract = "Marine microalgae demonstrate a notable capacity to adapt to high CO2 and warming in the context of global change. However, the dynamics of their evolutionary processes under simultaneous high CO₂ and warming conditions remain poorly understood. Here, we analyze the dynamics of evolution in experimental populations of a model marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We conducted whole-genome resequencing of populations under ambient, high-CO2, warming and high CO2 + warming at 2-yr intervals over a 4-yr adaptation period. The common genes selected between 2- and 4-yr adaptation were found to be involved in protein ubiquitination and degradation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and were consistently selected regardless of the experimental conditions or adaptation duration. The unique genes selected only by 4-yr adaptation function in respiration, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism, facilitating adaptation to prolonged high CO2 with warming conditions. Corresponding changes at the metabolomic level, with significant alterations in metabolites abundances involved in these pathways, support the genomic findings. Our study, integrating genomic and metabolomic data, demonstrates that long-term adaptation of microalgae to high CO2 and/or warming can be characterized by a complex and dynamic genetic process and may advance our understanding of microalgae adaptation to global change.",

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author = "Fenghuang Wu and Yunyue Zhou and John Beardall and Raven, \{John A.\} and Baoyi Peng and Leyao Xu and Hao Zhang and Jingyao Li and Jianrong Xia and Peng Jin",

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AU - Wu, Fenghuang

AU - Zhou, Yunyue

AU - Beardall, John

AU - Raven, John A.

AU - Peng, Baoyi

AU - Xu, Leyao

AU - Zhang, Hao

AU - Li, Jingyao

AU - Xia, Jianrong

AU - Jin, Peng

PY - 2025/2

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N2 - Marine microalgae demonstrate a notable capacity to adapt to high CO2 and warming in the context of global change. However, the dynamics of their evolutionary processes under simultaneous high CO₂ and warming conditions remain poorly understood. Here, we analyze the dynamics of evolution in experimental populations of a model marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We conducted whole-genome resequencing of populations under ambient, high-CO2, warming and high CO2 + warming at 2-yr intervals over a 4-yr adaptation period. The common genes selected between 2- and 4-yr adaptation were found to be involved in protein ubiquitination and degradation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and were consistently selected regardless of the experimental conditions or adaptation duration. The unique genes selected only by 4-yr adaptation function in respiration, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism, facilitating adaptation to prolonged high CO2 with warming conditions. Corresponding changes at the metabolomic level, with significant alterations in metabolites abundances involved in these pathways, support the genomic findings. Our study, integrating genomic and metabolomic data, demonstrates that long-term adaptation of microalgae to high CO2 and/or warming can be characterized by a complex and dynamic genetic process and may advance our understanding of microalgae adaptation to global change.

AB - Marine microalgae demonstrate a notable capacity to adapt to high CO2 and warming in the context of global change. However, the dynamics of their evolutionary processes under simultaneous high CO₂ and warming conditions remain poorly understood. Here, we analyze the dynamics of evolution in experimental populations of a model marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We conducted whole-genome resequencing of populations under ambient, high-CO2, warming and high CO2 + warming at 2-yr intervals over a 4-yr adaptation period. The common genes selected between 2- and 4-yr adaptation were found to be involved in protein ubiquitination and degradation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and were consistently selected regardless of the experimental conditions or adaptation duration. The unique genes selected only by 4-yr adaptation function in respiration, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism, facilitating adaptation to prolonged high CO2 with warming conditions. Corresponding changes at the metabolomic level, with significant alterations in metabolites abundances involved in these pathways, support the genomic findings. Our study, integrating genomic and metabolomic data, demonstrates that long-term adaptation of microalgae to high CO2 and/or warming can be characterized by a complex and dynamic genetic process and may advance our understanding of microalgae adaptation to global change.

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