Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a major precursor for advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which are thought to play a role in vascular complications in diabetes. Known MGO-arginine-derived AGEs are 5-hydro-5-methylimidazolone (MG-H1), argpyrimidine and tetrahydropyrimidine (THP). We studied THP in relation to type 1 diabetes, endothelial dysfunction, low-grade inflammation, vascular complications and atherosclerosis.
We raised and characterised a monoclonal antibody against MGO-derived THP. We measured plasma THP with a competitive ELISA in two cohort studies: study A (198 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 197 controls); study B (individuals with type 1 diabetes, 175 with normoalbuminuria and 198 with macroalbuminuria [> 300 mg/24 h]). We measured plasma markers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation, and evaluated the presence of THP and N (epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) in atherosclerotic arteries.
THP was higher in individuals with type 1 diabetes than in those without (median [interquartile range] 115.5 U/mu l [102.4-133.2] and 109.8 U/mu l [91.8-122.3], respectively; p = 0.03). THP was associated with plasma soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in both study A (standardised beta = 0.48 [95% CI 0.38, 0.58]; p <0.001) and study B (standardised beta = 0.31 [95% CI 0.23, 0.40]; p <0.001), and with secreted phospholipase A2 (standardised beta = 0.26 [95% CI 0.17, 0.36]; p <0.001) in study B. We found no association of THP with micro- or macro-vascular complications. Both THP and CML were detected in atherosclerotic arteries.
Our results suggest that MGO-derived THP may reflect endothelial dysfunction among individuals with and without type 1 diabetes, and therefore may potentially play a role in the development of atherosclerosis and vascular disease.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1845-1855 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Diabetologia |
Volume | 56 |
Issue number | 8 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2013 |
Keywords
- CARBOXYMETHYL-LYSINE
- Atherosclerosis
- ADVANCED GLYCATION ENDPRODUCTS
- MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEINS
- Methylglyoxal
- Macrovascular complications
- Tetrahydropyrimidine
- HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS
- ARGININE MODIFICATIONS
- CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE
- Cardiovascular disease
- END-PRODUCTS
- Advanced glycation end-products
- Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule
- MONOCYTIC THP-1 CELLS
- Endothelial dysfunction
- Microvascular complications
- INCREASED SERUM-LEVELS
- CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE-1
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus