Tutorial on phantoms for photoacoustic imaging applications

Lina Hacker, James Joseph, Ledia Lilaj, Srirang Manohar, Aoife M. Ivory, Ran Tao, Sarah E. Bohndiek,

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

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Abstract

Significance 

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging technology that holds high promise in a wide range of clinical applications, but standardized methods for system testing are lacking, impeding objective device performance evaluation, calibration, and inter-device comparisons. To address this shortfall, this tutorial offers readers structured guidance in developing tissue-mimicking phantoms for photoacoustic applications with potential extensions to certain acoustic and optical imaging applications. 

Aim 

The tutorial review aims to summarize recommendations on phantom development for PAI applications to harmonize efforts in standardization and system calibration in the field. 

Approach 

The International Photoacoustic Standardization Consortium has conducted a consensus exercise to define recommendations for the development of tissue-mimicking phantoms in PAI. 

Results 

Recommendations on phantom development are summarized in seven defined steps, expanding from (1) general understanding of the imaging modality, definition of (2) relevant terminology and parameters and (3) phantom purposes, recommendation of (4) basic material properties, (5) material characterization methods, and (6) phantom design to (7) reproducibility efforts. 

Conclusions The tutorial offers a comprehensive framework for the development of tissue-mimicking phantoms in PAI to streamline efforts in system testing and push forward the advancement and translation of the technology.

Original languageEnglish
Article number080801
Number of pages15
JournalJournal of Biomedical Optics
Volume29
Issue number8
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 14 Aug 2024

Keywords

  • calibration
  • phantom
  • photoacoustic imaging
  • standardization

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
  • Biomaterials
  • Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
  • Biomedical Engineering

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