TY - JOUR
T1 - Use of copper slag and washed copper slag as sand in concrete
T2 - a state-of-the-art review
AU - Lye, Chao Qun
AU - Koh, Siew Kiang
AU - Mangabhai, Raman
AU - Dhir, Ravindra K.
PY - 2015/6/1
Y1 - 2015/6/1
N2 - This paper provides the gist of the systematic review undertaken, involving evaluation, analysis, repackaging and modelling of all the literature that could be sourced on the subject. Copper slag (CS) and washed copper slag (WCS), as to be expected, have essentially similar basic physical (although WCS is usually finer than CS) and chemical characteristics and therefore they can be treated as one material. In-depth analysis of 2192 test data sourced from the literature showed that, given all the basic material characteristics, CS/WCS can be used as the sand component for making all strength grades of concrete and giving similar (or in some aspects better) performance to the corresponding concrete made with natural sand. The special attribute of CS/WCS for lowering the mix water demand has been used by the authors to develop two simple models for utilising the potential water savings and estimating the strength gains that can be realised when designing concrete with CS/WCS for given strength at a specific age. It is demonstrated that the water-saving potential of CS/WCS can be used to make other recycled and secondary materials more acceptable for use in concrete.
AB - This paper provides the gist of the systematic review undertaken, involving evaluation, analysis, repackaging and modelling of all the literature that could be sourced on the subject. Copper slag (CS) and washed copper slag (WCS), as to be expected, have essentially similar basic physical (although WCS is usually finer than CS) and chemical characteristics and therefore they can be treated as one material. In-depth analysis of 2192 test data sourced from the literature showed that, given all the basic material characteristics, CS/WCS can be used as the sand component for making all strength grades of concrete and giving similar (or in some aspects better) performance to the corresponding concrete made with natural sand. The special attribute of CS/WCS for lowering the mix water demand has been used by the authors to develop two simple models for utilising the potential water savings and estimating the strength gains that can be realised when designing concrete with CS/WCS for given strength at a specific age. It is demonstrated that the water-saving potential of CS/WCS can be used to make other recycled and secondary materials more acceptable for use in concrete.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84929630809&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1680/macr.14.00214
DO - 10.1680/macr.14.00214
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84929630809
VL - 67
SP - 665
EP - 679
JO - Magazine of Concrete Research
JF - Magazine of Concrete Research
SN - 0024-9831
IS - 12
ER -