TY - JOUR
T1 - Variations in Facial Anthropometric Measurements among Major Ethnic Groups in Nigeria
T2 - A 3-Dimentional Stereophotogrammetry Analysis
AU - Adekunle, Adegbayi Adeola
AU - Olowo, Abiodun Yusuff
AU - Adetona, Moses
AU - James, Olutayo
AU - Adamson, Olawale Olatubosun
AU - Agbogidi, Failat Olushola
AU - Oladega, Afisu
AU - Ogunlewe, Mobolanle
AU - Adeyemo, Wasiu Lanre
AU - Busch, Tamara
AU - Mossey, Peter A.
AU - Marazita, Mary L.
AU - Butali, Azeez
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2021.
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - Objectives: The aim of the study is to highlight variations in facial anthropometric measurements among the major ethnic groups in Nigeria using 3D photogrammetry. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Lagos, Nigeria. Acquisition of 3D facial photographs was done using a Vectra H1 portable 3D photogrammetry imaging system. Descriptive analysis of collected data was done and a test of associations performed using independent samples t-test. The level of significance was set at <.05. Results: The total number of participants in this study was 503. The study population was made up of 302 (60%) males and 201 (40%) females. Mean upper facial height among Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa, and other ethnic groups were 68.93 ± 5.85, 70.18 ± 5.99, 63.79 ± 4.80, and 69.29 ± 5.95 mm respectively, while mean interpupillary distances were 66.99 ± 3.70, 67.34 ± 3.56, 66.73 ± 3.80, and 67.09 ± 3.72 mm respectively. A Tukey posthoc test revealed significant pairwise differences for upper facial height between the Yoruba and Hausa population with a mean difference of 5.15 mm (P <.001, 95% CI 2.94-7.35) (P <.001, 95% CI 2.94-7.35), and Hausa and Igbo population with a mean difference of 6.39 mm (P <.001, 95% CI 3.75-9.03). Multivariate regression analysis confirmed the presence of significant inter-ethnic differences between Hausa ethnic group and the Yoruba ethnic group for midfacial height (P <.001), upper lip height (P =.004), lower lip height (P =.003), total face height (P =.010), and orbital fissure width (P <.001). Conclusion: The result of this study shows that distinct difference does exist in the facial anthropological measurements between the ethnicities included in this study especially in vertical facial measurements.
AB - Objectives: The aim of the study is to highlight variations in facial anthropometric measurements among the major ethnic groups in Nigeria using 3D photogrammetry. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Lagos, Nigeria. Acquisition of 3D facial photographs was done using a Vectra H1 portable 3D photogrammetry imaging system. Descriptive analysis of collected data was done and a test of associations performed using independent samples t-test. The level of significance was set at <.05. Results: The total number of participants in this study was 503. The study population was made up of 302 (60%) males and 201 (40%) females. Mean upper facial height among Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa, and other ethnic groups were 68.93 ± 5.85, 70.18 ± 5.99, 63.79 ± 4.80, and 69.29 ± 5.95 mm respectively, while mean interpupillary distances were 66.99 ± 3.70, 67.34 ± 3.56, 66.73 ± 3.80, and 67.09 ± 3.72 mm respectively. A Tukey posthoc test revealed significant pairwise differences for upper facial height between the Yoruba and Hausa population with a mean difference of 5.15 mm (P <.001, 95% CI 2.94-7.35) (P <.001, 95% CI 2.94-7.35), and Hausa and Igbo population with a mean difference of 6.39 mm (P <.001, 95% CI 3.75-9.03). Multivariate regression analysis confirmed the presence of significant inter-ethnic differences between Hausa ethnic group and the Yoruba ethnic group for midfacial height (P <.001), upper lip height (P =.004), lower lip height (P =.003), total face height (P =.010), and orbital fissure width (P <.001). Conclusion: The result of this study shows that distinct difference does exist in the facial anthropological measurements between the ethnicities included in this study especially in vertical facial measurements.
KW - 3D photogrammetry
KW - facial anthropometry
KW - Vectra 3D
U2 - 10.1177/27325016211029013
DO - 10.1177/27325016211029013
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85164545926
SN - 2732-5016
VL - 2
SP - 236
EP - 243
JO - Face
JF - Face
IS - 3
ER -