Variations in Facial Anthropometric Measurements among Major Ethnic Groups in Nigeria: A 3-Dimentional Stereophotogrammetry Analysis

TY - JOUR

T1 - Variations in Facial Anthropometric Measurements among Major Ethnic Groups in Nigeria

T2 - A 3-Dimentional Stereophotogrammetry Analysis

AU - Adekunle, Adegbayi Adeola

AU - Olowo, Abiodun Yusuff

AU - Adetona, Moses

AU - James, Olutayo

AU - Adamson, Olawale Olatubosun

AU - Agbogidi, Failat Olushola

AU - Oladega, Afisu

AU - Ogunlewe, Mobolanle

AU - Adeyemo, Wasiu Lanre

AU - Busch, Tamara

AU - Mossey, Peter A.

AU - Marazita, Mary L.

AU - Butali, Azeez

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2021.

PY - 2021/9

Y1 - 2021/9

N2 - Objectives: The aim of the study is to highlight variations in facial anthropometric measurements among the major ethnic groups in Nigeria using 3D photogrammetry. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Lagos, Nigeria. Acquisition of 3D facial photographs was done using a Vectra H1 portable 3D photogrammetry imaging system. Descriptive analysis of collected data was done and a test of associations performed using independent samples t-test. The level of significance was set at <.05. Results: The total number of participants in this study was 503. The study population was made up of 302 (60%) males and 201 (40%) females. Mean upper facial height among Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa, and other ethnic groups were 68.93 ± 5.85, 70.18 ± 5.99, 63.79 ± 4.80, and 69.29 ± 5.95 mm respectively, while mean interpupillary distances were 66.99 ± 3.70, 67.34 ± 3.56, 66.73 ± 3.80, and 67.09 ± 3.72 mm respectively. A Tukey posthoc test revealed significant pairwise differences for upper facial height between the Yoruba and Hausa population with a mean difference of 5.15 mm (P <.001, 95% CI 2.94-7.35) (P <.001, 95% CI 2.94-7.35), and Hausa and Igbo population with a mean difference of 6.39 mm (P <.001, 95% CI 3.75-9.03). Multivariate regression analysis confirmed the presence of significant inter-ethnic differences between Hausa ethnic group and the Yoruba ethnic group for midfacial height (P <.001), upper lip height (P =.004), lower lip height (P =.003), total face height (P =.010), and orbital fissure width (P <.001). Conclusion: The result of this study shows that distinct difference does exist in the facial anthropological measurements between the ethnicities included in this study especially in vertical facial measurements.

AB - Objectives: The aim of the study is to highlight variations in facial anthropometric measurements among the major ethnic groups in Nigeria using 3D photogrammetry. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Lagos, Nigeria. Acquisition of 3D facial photographs was done using a Vectra H1 portable 3D photogrammetry imaging system. Descriptive analysis of collected data was done and a test of associations performed using independent samples t-test. The level of significance was set at <.05. Results: The total number of participants in this study was 503. The study population was made up of 302 (60%) males and 201 (40%) females. Mean upper facial height among Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa, and other ethnic groups were 68.93 ± 5.85, 70.18 ± 5.99, 63.79 ± 4.80, and 69.29 ± 5.95 mm respectively, while mean interpupillary distances were 66.99 ± 3.70, 67.34 ± 3.56, 66.73 ± 3.80, and 67.09 ± 3.72 mm respectively. A Tukey posthoc test revealed significant pairwise differences for upper facial height between the Yoruba and Hausa population with a mean difference of 5.15 mm (P <.001, 95% CI 2.94-7.35) (P <.001, 95% CI 2.94-7.35), and Hausa and Igbo population with a mean difference of 6.39 mm (P <.001, 95% CI 3.75-9.03). Multivariate regression analysis confirmed the presence of significant inter-ethnic differences between Hausa ethnic group and the Yoruba ethnic group for midfacial height (P <.001), upper lip height (P =.004), lower lip height (P =.003), total face height (P =.010), and orbital fissure width (P <.001). Conclusion: The result of this study shows that distinct difference does exist in the facial anthropological measurements between the ethnicities included in this study especially in vertical facial measurements.

KW - 3D photogrammetry

KW - facial anthropometry

KW - Vectra 3D

U2 - 10.1177/27325016211029013

DO - 10.1177/27325016211029013

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85164545926

SN - 2732-5016

VL - 2

SP - 236

EP - 243

JO - Face

JF - Face

IS - 3

ER -