The Role of Spiritual Intelligence in Shaping Transformational Leadership Behaviour and Influencing Organisational Values

Abstract

This qualitative study explores SME leaders’ perceptions of the relationship between spiritual intelligence (SQ) and transformational leadership (TL), and how these are associated with organisational values (OV) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Egypt and the UK. Drawing on in-depth semi-structured interviews with SME leaders (n = 20), and using reflexive thematic analysis, the study examines how competencies associated with SQ, such as self-awareness, empathy and compassion, are narrated by participants in relation to leadership behaviour and value formation. The analysis suggests that participants perceived SQ as supporting aspects of TL, particularly ethical decision-making, authenticity and a sense of purpose, which participants linked to organisational values including integrity, social responsibility and inclusivity. Cross-context comparison highlights cultural nuances in how SQ and TL are articulated and enacted across the two settings. The research offers an interpretive contribution by positioning SQ as a leadership resource within discussions of TL and OV in SMEs, and provides practical implications for the design of culturally sensitive leadership development programmes.

Date of Award	2025
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	University of Dundee
Supervisor	Bill Russell (Supervisor) & Ameer Basit (Supervisor)